Abstract: The rapid development of aerospace, energy and advanced manufacturing industries places urgent demands on structural materials featuring high density, homogeneous microstructures and reliable service performance. Conventional sintering routes, including pressureless sintering, hot pressing and spark plasma sintering, generally require high sintering temperatures or prolonged holding durations, which readily induce grain coarsening and residual porosity. Hot Oscillating Pressing (HOP) is an emerging consolidation technique that superimposes periodic pressure oscillations onto a mean compressive load during thermal sintering. This review systematically summarizes the technical evolution, equipment configuration, working principles and densification mechanisms of HOP, as well as its practical applications across diverse material systems. Oscillatory loading facilitates densification and enhances inter‑particle bonding, yet its effectiveness is governed by the evolving particle contact network, material intrinsic state and accessible deformation‑mediated mass‑transport pathways. The influences of pressure amplitude, oscillation frequency and holding duration are critically assessed. Special emphasis is laid on comparative experiments under equal‑mean‑pressure and equal‑peak‑pressure conditions, alongside material‑dependent processing windows. A conditional processing map is further proposed to illustrate the potential benefits of oscillatory loading and the risks of microstructural deterioration induced by excessive oscillation. Finally, future research priorities covering mechanistic validation, in‑situ characterization, multiscale modelling and component‑scale evaluation are outlined. This work aims to establish transferable processing windows and advance both service reliability and manufacturing feasibility for high‑performance structural materials fabricated by HOP.