C. Y. Heah, H. Kamarudin, A. M. Mustafa Al Bakri, M. Bnhussain, M. Luqman, I. Khairul Nizar, C. M. Ruzaidi, and Y. M. Liew, Kaolin-based geopolymers with various NaOH concentrations, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 20(2013), No. 3, pp. 313-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0729-0
Cite this article as:
C. Y. Heah, H. Kamarudin, A. M. Mustafa Al Bakri, M. Bnhussain, M. Luqman, I. Khairul Nizar, C. M. Ruzaidi, and Y. M. Liew, Kaolin-based geopolymers with various NaOH concentrations, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 20(2013), No. 3, pp. 313-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0729-0
C. Y. Heah, H. Kamarudin, A. M. Mustafa Al Bakri, M. Bnhussain, M. Luqman, I. Khairul Nizar, C. M. Ruzaidi, and Y. M. Liew, Kaolin-based geopolymers with various NaOH concentrations, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 20(2013), No. 3, pp. 313-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0729-0
Citation:
C. Y. Heah, H. Kamarudin, A. M. Mustafa Al Bakri, M. Bnhussain, M. Luqman, I. Khairul Nizar, C. M. Ruzaidi, and Y. M. Liew, Kaolin-based geopolymers with various NaOH concentrations, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 20(2013), No. 3, pp. 313-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0729-0
Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), P.O. Box 77, D/A Pejabat Pos Besar, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
King Abdulaziz City Science and Technology, P.O Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Kaolin geopolymers were produced by the alkali-activation of kaolin with an activator solution (a mixture of NaOH and sodium silicate solutions). The NaOH solution was prepared at a concentration of 6–14 mol/L and was mixed with the sodium silicate solution at a Na2SiO3/NaOH mass ratio of 0.24 to prepare an activator solution. The kaolin-to-activator solution mass ratio used was 0.80. This paper aimed to analyze the effect of NaOH concentration on the compressive strength of kaolin geopolymers at 80℃ for 1, 2, and 3 d. Kaolin geopolymers were stable in water, and strength results showed that the kaolin binder had adequate compressive strength with 12 mol/L of NaOH concentration. When the NaOH concentration increased, the SiO2/Na2O decreased. The increased Na2O content enhanced the dissolution of kaolin as shown in X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. However, excess in this content was not beneficial for the strength development of kaolin geopolymers. In addition, there was the formation of more geopolymeric gel in 12 mol/L samples. The XRD pattern of the samples showed a higher amorphous content and a more geopolymer bonding existed as proved by FTIR analysis.
Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), P.O. Box 77, D/A Pejabat Pos Besar, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
King Abdulaziz City Science and Technology, P.O Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Kaolin geopolymers were produced by the alkali-activation of kaolin with an activator solution (a mixture of NaOH and sodium silicate solutions). The NaOH solution was prepared at a concentration of 6–14 mol/L and was mixed with the sodium silicate solution at a Na2SiO3/NaOH mass ratio of 0.24 to prepare an activator solution. The kaolin-to-activator solution mass ratio used was 0.80. This paper aimed to analyze the effect of NaOH concentration on the compressive strength of kaolin geopolymers at 80℃ for 1, 2, and 3 d. Kaolin geopolymers were stable in water, and strength results showed that the kaolin binder had adequate compressive strength with 12 mol/L of NaOH concentration. When the NaOH concentration increased, the SiO2/Na2O decreased. The increased Na2O content enhanced the dissolution of kaolin as shown in X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. However, excess in this content was not beneficial for the strength development of kaolin geopolymers. In addition, there was the formation of more geopolymeric gel in 12 mol/L samples. The XRD pattern of the samples showed a higher amorphous content and a more geopolymer bonding existed as proved by FTIR analysis.
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