Lei Li, Zhi Wang, Ming-yong Wang, and Yi Zhang, Modulation of active Cr(III) complexes by bath preparation to adjust Cr(III) electrodeposition, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 20(2013), No. 9, pp. 902-908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0813-5
Cite this article as:
Lei Li, Zhi Wang, Ming-yong Wang, and Yi Zhang, Modulation of active Cr(III) complexes by bath preparation to adjust Cr(III) electrodeposition, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 20(2013), No. 9, pp. 902-908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0813-5
Lei Li, Zhi Wang, Ming-yong Wang, and Yi Zhang, Modulation of active Cr(III) complexes by bath preparation to adjust Cr(III) electrodeposition, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 20(2013), No. 9, pp. 902-908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0813-5
Citation:
Lei Li, Zhi Wang, Ming-yong Wang, and Yi Zhang, Modulation of active Cr(III) complexes by bath preparation to adjust Cr(III) electrodeposition, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 20(2013), No. 9, pp. 902-908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0813-5
National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
The preparation process of the Cr(III) bath was studied based on a perspective of accelerating the formation of active Cr(III) complexes. The results of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and electrodeposition showed that active Cr(III) complexes in the bath prepared at room temperature in several days were rare for depositing chromium. The increase of heating temperature, time, and pH value during the bath preparation promoted the formation of active Cr(III) complexes. The chromium deposition rate increased with the concentration of active Cr(III) complexes increasing. Increasing the heating temperature from 60 to 96℃, the chromium deposition rate increased from 0.40 to 0.71 μm/min. When the concentration of active Cr(III) complexes increased, the grain size of Cr coatings increased, and the carbon content of the coating decreased. It is deduced that Cr(H2O)4(OH)L2+ (L is an organic ligand, and its valence is omitted) is a primary active Cr(III) complex.
National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
The preparation process of the Cr(III) bath was studied based on a perspective of accelerating the formation of active Cr(III) complexes. The results of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and electrodeposition showed that active Cr(III) complexes in the bath prepared at room temperature in several days were rare for depositing chromium. The increase of heating temperature, time, and pH value during the bath preparation promoted the formation of active Cr(III) complexes. The chromium deposition rate increased with the concentration of active Cr(III) complexes increasing. Increasing the heating temperature from 60 to 96℃, the chromium deposition rate increased from 0.40 to 0.71 μm/min. When the concentration of active Cr(III) complexes increased, the grain size of Cr coatings increased, and the carbon content of the coating decreased. It is deduced that Cr(H2O)4(OH)L2+ (L is an organic ligand, and its valence is omitted) is a primary active Cr(III) complex.
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