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Guo-quan Lai, Hong-zhong Liu, Bang-dao Chen, Dong Niu, Biao Lei, and Wei-tao Jiang, Electrodeposition of functionally graded Ni−W/Er2O3 rare earth nanoparticle composite film, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 27(2020), No. 6, pp. 818-829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1953-z
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Multi-layered functionally graded (FG) structure Ni−W/Er2O3 nanocomposite films were prepared by continuously changing the deposition parameters, in which the Er2O3 and W contents varied with thickness. The microstructure and chemical composition of the electrodeposited Ni−W/Er2O3 films were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The anti-corrosion and wear properties of the electrodeposition films were investigated by electrochemical measurement and ball-on-disk friction test. The microhardness distribution of the cross section of nanocomposites was measured by nanoindentation. The results showed that with decreasing agitation rate or increasing average current density, the contents of Er2O3 nanoparticles and tungsten were distributed in a gradient along the thickness, and the contents on the surface were larger. By comparison, FG Ni−W/Er2O3 films had better anti-corrosion and wear properties than the uniform Ni−W/Er2O3 films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and profilometry measurements indicated that Er2O3 nanoparticles had an effect on the surface roughness.
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