| Cite this article as: |
Jue Tang, Man-sheng Chu, Feng Li, Cong Feng, Zheng-gen Liu, and Yu-sheng Zhou, Development and progress on hydrogen metallurgy, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 27(2020), No. 6, pp. 713-723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2021-4
|
Hydrogen metallurgy is a technology that applies hydrogen instead of carbon as a reduction agent to reduce CO2 emission, and the use of hydrogen is beneficial to promoting the sustainable development of the steel industry. Hydrogen metallurgy has numerous applications, such as H2 reduction ironmaking in Japan, ULCORED and hydrogen-based steelmaking in Europe; hydrogen flash ironmaking technology in the US; HYBRIT in the Nordics; Midrex H2TM by Midrex Technologies, Inc. (United States); H2FUTURE by Voestalpine (Austria); and SALCOS by Salzgitter AG (Germany). Hydrogen-rich blast furnaces (BFs) with COG injection are common in China. Running BFs have been industrially tested by AnSteel, XuSteel, and BenSteel. In a currently under construction pilot plant of a coal gasification–gas-based shaft furnace with an annual output of 10000 t direct reduction iron (DRI), a reducing gas composed of 57vol% H2 and 38vol% CO is prepared via the Ende method. The life cycle of the coal gasification–gas-based shaft furnace–electric furnace short process (30wt% DRI + 70wt% scrap) is assessed with 1 t of molten steel as a functional unit. This plant has a total energy consumption per ton of steel of 263.67 kg standard coal and a CO2 emission per ton of steel of 829.89 kg, which are superior to those of a traditional BF converter process. Considering domestic materials and fuels, hydrogen production and storage, and hydrogen reduction characteristics, we believe that a hydrogen-rich shaft furnace will be suitable in China. Hydrogen production and storage with an economic and large-scale industrialization will promote the further development of a full hydrogen shaft furnace.
| [1] |
IEA, Explore Energy Data by Category, Indicator, Country or Region [2020-05-22]. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics?country=WORLD&fuel=CO2%20emissions&indicator=Total%20CO2%20emissions
|
| [2] |
P. Zhao and P.L. Dong, Carbon emission cannot be ignored in future of Chinese steel industry, Iron Steel, 53(2018), No. 8, p. 1.
|
| [3] |
C. Bataille, M. Åhman, K. Neuhoff, L.J. Nilsson, M. Fischedick, S. Lechtenböhmer, B. Solano-Rodriquez, A. Denis-Ryan, S. Stiebert, H. Waisman, O. Sartor, and S. Rahbar, A review of technology and policy deep decarbonization pathway options for making energy-intensive industry production consistent with the Paris Agreement, J. Cleaner Prod., 187(2018), p. 960. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.107
|
| [4] |
B. Lotfi and E. Ahmed, Carbon footprint of the global pharmaceutical industry and relative impact of its major players, J. Cleaner Prod., 214(2019), p. 185. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.204
|
| [5] |
J.K. Sung, M.R. Kang, and S.O. Min, Addition of cerium and yttrium to ferritic steel weld metal to improve hydrogen trapping efficiency, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 24(2017), No. 4, p. 415. doi: 10.1007/s12613-017-1422-5
|
| [6] |
J.Z Song, Z.Y. Zhao, X. Zhao, R.D. Fu, and S.M. Han, Hydrogen storage properties of MgH2 co-catalyzed by LaH3 and NbH, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 24(2017), No. 10, p. 1183. doi: 10.1007/s12613-017-1509-z
|
| [7] |
K.D. Xu, G.C. Jiang, and J.L. Xu, Theoretical analysis of steel production process in 21th century, [in] The 125th Xiangshan Scientific Conference Proceeding, Beijing, 1999, p. 31.
|
| [8] |
K.D. Xu, National natural science foundation of China, [in] National Natural Science Foundation Proceeding, Shanghai, 2002.
|
| [9] |
Y. Gan, The 21th century is the Age of Hydrogen [2020-05-22]. http://www.sohu.com/a/238747317_655347
|
| [10] |
R.R. Wang, J.L. Zhang, Y.R. Liu, A.Y. Zheng, Z.J. Liu, X.L. Liu, and Z.G. Li, Thermal performance and reduction kinetic analysis of cold-bonded pellets with CO and H2 mixtures, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 25(2018), No. 7, p. 752. doi: 10.1007/s12613-018-1623-6
|
| [11] |
C. Feng, M.S. Chu, J. Tang, and Z.G. Liu, Effects of smelting parameters on the slag/metal separation behaviors of Hongge vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite metallized pellets obtained from the gas-based direct reduction process, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 25(2018), No. 6, p. 609. doi: 10.1007/s12613-018-1608-5
|
| [12] |
J. Tang, M.S Chu, F. Li, Y.T. Tang, Z.G. Liu, and X.X. Xue, Reduction mechanism of high chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellet by H2–CO–CO2 gas mixtures, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 22(2015), No. 6, p. 562. doi: 10.1007/s12613-015-1108-9
|
| [13] |
T.L. Guo, M.S. Chu, Z.G. Liu, J. Tang, and J.I. Yagi, Mathematical modeling and exergy analysis of blast furnace operation with natural gas injection, Steel Res. Int., 84(2013), No. 4, p. 333. doi: 10.1002/srin.201200172
|
| [14] |
H.T. Wang, M.S. Chu, T.L. Guo, W. Zhao, C. Feng, Z.G. Liu, and J. Tang, Mathematical simulation on blast furnace operation of coke oven gas injection in combination with top gas recycling, Steel Res. Int., 87(2016), No. 5, p. 539. doi: 10.1002/srin.201500372
|
| [15] |
T. Ariyama, Perspective toward long-term global goal for carbon dioxide mitigation in steel industry, Tetsu-to-Hagané, 105(2019), No. 6, p. 567. doi: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2019-008
|
| [16] |
S. Tonomura, Outline of course 50, Energy Procedia, 37(2013), p. 7160. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.653
|
| [17] |
S. Watakabe, K. Miyagawa, S. Matsuzaki, T. Inada, Y. Tomita, K. Saito, M. Osame, P. Sikström, L.S. Ökvist, and J.-O. Wikstrom, Operation trial of hydrogenous gas injection of COURSE50 project at an experimental blast furnace, ISIJ Int., 53(2013), No. 12, p. 2065. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.53.2065
|
| [18] |
Z.K. Wei, R. Guo, and Q.A. Xie, COURSE50 new technology of Japan’s environmental ironmaking process, J. North China Univ. Sci. Technol. Nat. Sci. Ed., 40(2018), No. 3, p. 26.
|
| [19] |
A. Inoue, Efforts of Nippon Steel Corporation for global environmental problems, [in] The 12th CSM Steel Congress Proceeding, Beijing, 2019.
|
| [20] |
Germany Officially Announced “Hydrogen Instead of Coal” Ironmaking, Is Hydrogen Metallurgy Feasible? [2020-05-22]. https://www.sohu.com/a/358309948_99964894
|
| [21] |
M. Abdul Quader, S. Ahmed, S.Z. Dawal, and Y. Nukman, Present needs, recent progress and future trends of energy-efficient Ultra-Low Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Steelmaking (ULCOS) program, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 55(2016), p. 537. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.101
|
| [22] |
J.X. Fu, G.H. Tang, R.J. Zhao, and W.S. Wang, Carbon reduction programs and key technologies in global steel industry, J. Iron Steel Rese. Int., 21(2014), No. 3, p. 275.
|
| [23] |
K. Meijer, M. Denys, J. Lasar, J.P. Birat, G. Still, and B. Overmaat, ULCOS: Ultra-low CO2 steelmaking, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 36(2009), No. 4, p. 251.
|
| [24] |
J.J. Yan, Progress and future of ultra-low CO2 steelmaking program, China Metall., 27(2017), No. 2, p. 6.
|
| [25] |
D.Y. Wang, Breaking-through iron-making technologies in ULCOS project, World Iron Steel, 2(2011), p. 7.
|
| [26] |
A. Ranzani da Costa, D. Wagner, and F. Patisson, Modelling a new, low CO2 emissions, hydrogen steelmaking process, J. Cleaner Prod., 46(2013), p. 27.
|
| [27] |
T. Buergler and J. Prammer, Hydrogen steelmaking: Technology options and R&D projects, BHM Berg- Hüttenmänn. Monatsh., 164(2019), No. 11, p. 447. doi: 10.1007/s00501-019-00908-8
|
| [28] |
H. Mandova, P. Patrizio, S. Leduc, J. Kjärstadc, C. Wang, E. Wetterlund, F. Kraxner, and W. Gale, Achieving carbon-neutral iron and steelmaking in Europe through the deployment of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, J. Cleaner Prod., 218(2019), p. 118. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.247
|
| [29] |
O. Posdziech, T. Geißler, K. Schwarze, and R. Blumentritt, System development and demonstration of large-scale high-temperature electrolysis, ECS Trans., 91(2019), No. 1, p. 2537. doi: 10.1149/09101.2537ecst
|
| [30] |
T. Ariyama, K. Takahashi, Y. Kawashiri, and T. Nouchi, Diversification of the ironmaking process toward the long-term global goal for carbon dioxide mitigation, J. Sustainable Metall., 5(2019), No. 3, p. 276. doi: 10.1007/s40831-019-00219-9
|
| [31] |
A. Fleischanderl, T. Plattner, P. Nair, and M. Schultz, Carbon recycling from metallurgical waste gases into bio-fuel and chemical, [in] The SCANMET V Proceeding, Luleå, 2016, p. 31.
|
| [32] |
Paul Wurth, Paul Wurth to Design and Supply Coke Oven Gas Injection Systems for ROGESA Blast Furnaces [2020-05-22]. http://www.paulwurth.com/en/News-Media/News-and-Archives/Paul-Wurth-to-design-and-supply-Coke-Oven-Gas-Injection-Systems-for-ROGESA-Blast-Furnaces
|
| [33] |
Q. Wang, G.Q. Li, W. Zhang, and Y.X. Yang, An Investigation of carburization behavior of molten iron for the flash ironmaking process, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 50(2019), No. 4, p. 2006. doi: 10.1007/s11663-019-01594-0
|
| [34] |
H.Y. Sohn, Suspension ironmaking technology with greatly reduced energy requirement and CO2 emissions, Steel Times Int., 31(2007), No. 4, p. 68.
|
| [35] |
H.Y. Sohn and Y. Mohassab, Development of a novel flash ironmaking technology with greatly reduced energy consumption and CO2 emissions, J. Sustainable Metall., 2(2016), No. 3, p. 216. doi: 10.1007/s40831-016-0054-8
|
| [36] |
HYBRIT Brochure [2020-05-22]. http://www.hybritdevelopment.com/
|
| [37] |
V. Vogl, M. Åhman, and L.J. Nilsson, Assessment of hydrogen direct reduction for fossil-free steelmaking, J. Cleaner Prod., 203(2018), p. 736. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279
|
| [38] |
P. Duarte, Trends in H2-based steelmaking, Steel Times Int., 43(2019), No. 1, p. 27.
|
| [39] |
D. Kushnir, T. Hansen, V. Vogl, and M. Åhmanc, Adopting hydrogen direct reduction for the Swedish steel industry: A technological innovation system (TIS) study, J. Cleaner Prod., 242(2019), art. No. 118185.
|
| [40] |
Midrex, 2018 World Direct Reduction Statistics [2020-05-22]. https://www.midrex.com/wp-content/uploads/Midrex_STATSbookprint_2018Final-1.pdf
|
| [41] |
Z.W. Ying, M.S Chu, J. Tang, Z.G. Liu, and Y.S. Zhou, Current situation and future adaptability analysis of non-blast furnace ironmaing process, Heibei Metall., 282(2019), No. 6, p. 1.
|
| [42] |
P. Cavaliere, Clean Ironmaking and Steelmaking Process, Springer, Switzerland, 2019.
|
| [43] |
ArcelorMittal Commissions Midrex to Design Demonstration Plant for Hydrogen Steel Production in Hamburg [2020-05-22]. https://www.midrex.com/press-release/arcelormittal-commissions-midrex-to-design-demonstration-plant-for-hydrogen-steel-production-in-hamburg/
|
| [44] |
W. Zhang, Z.Y. Wang, X.L. Wang, and L.G. Zhang, Experimental study of pulverized coal added dust injection into blast furnace, [in] The 9th CSM Steel Congress Proceeding, Beijing, 2009.
|
| [45] |
Z.D. Tang, W.B. Li, Y.J. Li, and Y.X. Han, Experimental study on producing super iron concentrate from an ordinary iron concentrate in Shandong province, Conserv. Utilization Miner. Res., (2017), No. 2, p. 56.
|
| [46] |
Z.C. Wang, Fundamental Research on the Process of Coal Gasification–Gas-Based Shaft Direct Reduction [Dissertation], Northeastern University, Shenyang, 2013.
|
| [47] |
A.M. Abdalla, S. Hossainac, O.B. Nisfindy, A.T. Azad, M. Dawood, and A.K. Azad, Hydrogen production, storage, transportation and key challenges with applications: A review, Energy Convers. Manage., 165(2018), p. 602. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.03.088
|
| [48] |
J. Chi and H.G. Yu, Water electrolysis based on renewable energy for hydrogen production, Chin. J. Catal., 39(2018), No. 3, p. 390. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(17)62949-8
|
本系统由
北京仁和汇智信息技术有限公司
开发
下载:
