钙钛矿活性层添加剂CdS 和 Cd(SCN2H4)2Cl2对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

郑继红; 朱良欣; 申志涛; 李福民; 凌兰雨; 李桧林; 陈冲

doi:10.1007/s12613-021-2316-0

Volume 29 Issue 2

Feb. 2022

Turn off MathJax

图(7) / 表(2)

数据统计

计量

文章访问数: 1206
HTML全文浏览量: 611
PDF下载量: 36
被引次数: 0

文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2022 > 29(2): 283-291

Jihong Zheng, Liangxin Zhu, Zhitao Shen, Fumin Li, Lanyu Ling, Huilin Li, and Chong Chen, Effects of the incorporation amounts of CdS and Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂ on the performance of perovskite solar cells, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 2, pp. 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2316-0

Cite this article as:

Jihong Zheng, Liangxin Zhu, Zhitao Shen, Fumin Li, Lanyu Ling, Huilin Li, and Chong Chen, Effects of the incorporation amounts of CdS and Cd(SCN2H4)2Cl2 on the performance of perovskite solar cells, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 2, pp. 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2316-0

Citation:

PDF( 2405 KB)

引用本文 PDF XML SpringerLink

研究论文

钙钛矿活性层添加剂CdS 和 Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

1)
河南大学光伏材料省重点实验室，开封 475004，中国
2)
河南大学物理与电子学院，开封 475004，中国

* 共同第一作者

通讯作者:
凌兰雨    E-mail: 10110131@henu.edu.cn

李桧林    E-mail: leehl@vip.henu.edu.cn

陈冲    E-mail: chongchen@henu.edu.cn

文章亮点

(1) 通过前驱液共混法在钙钛矿活性层中原位生成CdS:Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂。
(2) 研究了 CdS:Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂对钙钛矿晶体薄膜光电性质的影响。
(3) 探究了 CdS:Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂对钙钛矿电池性能的影响。

中文摘要

制备高质量的钙钛矿薄膜对于高性能的钙钛矿太阳能电池非常重要。然而，钙钛矿晶体中的缺陷会影响钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转化效率和稳定性。为了解决这个问题，本研究将CdS和络合物Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂掺入到CH₃NH₃PbI₃活性层中，并进一步分析了CdS和络合物Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂的不同掺杂浓度对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能和稳定性的影响。结果表明，CdS和Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂在CH₃NH₃PbI₃中的适当的掺杂浓度可以提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能。研究结果发现，CdS和Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂可以有效降低钙钛矿晶体中的缺陷，减少电池内部的电荷复合，促进电荷在TiO₂和钙钛矿界面的分离和输运。同时，由于钙钛矿晶体中缺陷的减少和CdS:Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂:CH₃NH₃PbI₃体异质结薄膜质量的优化，钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性也明显提高。

关键词:

Research Article

Effects of the incorporation amounts of CdS and Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂ on the performance of perovskite solar cells

+ Author Affiliations

Abstract

Abstract

An excellent organolead halide perovskite film is important for the good performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, defects in perovskite crystals can affect the photovoltaic properties and stability of solar cells. To solve this problem, this study incorporated a complex of CdS and Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂ into the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ active layer. The effects of different doping concentrations of CdS and Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂ on the performance and stability of PSCs were analyzed. Results showed that doping appropriate incorporation concentrations of CdS and Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂ in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ can improve the performance of the prepared solar cells. In specific, CdS and Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂ can effectively passivate the defects in perovskite crystals, thereby suppressing the charge recombination in PSCs and promoting the charge extraction at the TiO₂/perovskite interface. Due to the reduction of perovskite crystal defects and the enhancement of compactness of the CdS:Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂:CH₃NH₃PbI₃ composite film, the stability of PSCs is significantly improved.
- perovskite solar cells;
- charge extraction;
- defect passivation;
- incorporation concentration

FullText(HTML)

Supplements(0)

References(44)

References

[1]	W.J. Yin, J.H. Yang, J. Kang, Y.F. Yan, and S.H. Wei, Halide perovskite materials for solar cells: A theoretical review, J. Mater. Chem. A, 3(2015), No. 17, p. 8926. doi: 10.1039/C4TA05033A
[2]	C.B. Fei, B. Li, R. Zhang, H.Y. Fu, J.J. Tian, and G.Z. Cao, Highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells based on monolithically grained CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film, Adv. Energy Mater., 7(2017), No. 9, art. No. 1602017. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201602017
[3]	X.X. Gao, W. Luo, Y. Zhang, R.Y. Hu, B. Zhang, A. Züttel, Y.Q. Feng, and M.K. Nazeeruddin, Stable and high-efficiency methylammonium-free perovskite solar cells, Adv. Mater., 32(2020), No. 9, art. No. 1905502. doi: 10.1002/adma.201905502
[4]	H.B. Lee, N. Kumar, M.M. Ovhal, Y.J. Kim, Y.M. Song, and J.W. Kang, Dopant-free, amorphous-crystalline heterophase SnO₂ electron transport bilayer enables >20% efficiency in triple-cation perovskite solar cells, Adv. Funct. Mater., 30(2020), No. 24, art. No. 2001559. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202001559
[5]	Q. Lou, H.L. Li, Q.S. Huang, Z.T. Shen, F.M. Li, Q. Du, M.Q. Jin, and C. Chen, Multifunctional CNT:TiO₂ additives in spiro-OMeTAD layer for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells, EcoMat, 3(2021), No. 3, art. No. e12099. doi: 10.1002/eom2.12099
[6]	C.Q. Ma and N.G. Park, A realistic methodology for 30% efficient perovskite solar cells, Chem, 6(2020), No. 6, p. 1254. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.04.013
[7]	H. Min, D.Y. Lee, J.Kim, G. Kim, K.S. Lee, J. Kim, M.J. Paik, Y.K. Kim, K.S. Kim, M.G. Kim, T.J. Shin, and S. Il Seok, Perovskite solar cells with atomically coherent interlayers on SnO₂ electrodes, Nature, 598(2021), No. 7881, p. 444. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03964-8
[8]	G.H. Ren, W.B. Han, Y.Y. Deng, W. Wu, Z.W. Li, J.X. Guo, H.C. Bao, C.Y. Liu, and W.B. Guo, Strategies of modifying spiro-OMeTAD materials for perovskite solar cells: A review, J. Mater. Chem. A, 9(2021), No. 8, p. 4589. doi: 10.1039/D0TA11564A
[9]	A. Kojima, K. Teshima, Y. Shirai, and T. Miyasaka, Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131(2009), No. 17, p. 6050. doi: 10.1021/ja809598r
[10]	S.D. Stranks, G.E. Eperon, G. Grancini, C. Menelaou, M.J.P. Alcocer, T. Leijtens, L.M. Herz, A. Petrozza, and H.J. Snaith, Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber, Science, 342(2013), No. 6156, p. 341. doi: 10.1126/science.1243982
[11]	J.L. Yang, K.M. Fransishyn, and T.L. Kelly, Comparing the effect of mesoporous and planar metal oxides on the stability of methylammonium lead iodide thin films, Chem. Mater., 28(2016), No. 20, p. 7344. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02744
[12]	Y. Zhao, Q.F. Ye, Z.M. Chu, F. Gao, X.W. Zhang, and J.B. You, Recent progress in high-efficiency planar-structure perovskite solar cells, Energy Environ. Mater., 2(2019), No. 2, p. 93. doi: 10.1002/eem2.12042
[13]	H.Y. Zhang, R. Li, W.W. Liu, M. Zhang, and M. Guo, Research progress in lead-less or lead-free three-dimensional perovskite absorber materials for solar cells, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26(2019), No. 4, p. 387. doi: 10.1007/s12613-019-1748-2
[14]	H. Lu, W. Tian, B.K. Gu, Y.Y. Zhu, and L. Li, TiO₂ electron transport bilayer for highly efficient planar perovskite solar cell, Small, 13(2017), No. 38, art. No. 1701535. doi: 10.1002/smll.201701535
[15]	F. Shahvaranfard, M. Altomare, Y. Hou, S. Hejazi, W. Meng, B. Osuagwu, N. Li, C.J. Brabec, and P. Schmuki, Engineering of the electron transport layer/perovskite interface in solar cells designed on TiO₂ rutile nanorods, Adv. Funct. Mater., 30(2020), No. 10, art. No. 1909738. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201909738
[16]	J.S. Manser, M.I. Saidaminov, J.A. Christians, O.M. Bakr, and P.V. Kamat, Making and breaking of lead halide perovskites, Acc. Chem. Res., 49(2016), No. 2, p. 330. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00455
[17]	G.J.A.H. Wetzelaer, M. Scheepers, A.M. Sempere, C. Momblona, J. Ávila, and H.J. Bolink, Trap-assisted non-radiative recombination in organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells, Adv. Mater., 27(2015), No. 11, p. 1837. doi: 10.1002/adma.201405372
[18]	W.J. Yin, T.T. Shi, and Y.F. Yan, Unusual defect physics in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite solar cell absorber, Appl. Phys. Lett., 104(2014), No. 6, art. No. 063903. doi: 10.1063/1.4864778
[19]	H.P. Zhou, Q. Chen, G. Li, S. Luo, T.B. Song, H.S. Duan, Z.R. Hong, J.B. You, Y.S. Liu, Y. Yang, Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskitesolar cells, Sci., 345(2014), No. 6196, p. 542. doi: 10.1126/science.1254050
[20]	W.X. Gong, H. Guo, H.Y. Zhang, J. Yang, H.Y. Chen, L.P. Wang, F. Hao, and X.B. Niu, Chlorine-doped SnO₂ hydrophobic surfaces for large grain perovskite solar cells, J. Mater. Chem. C, 8(2020), No. 33, p. 11638. doi: 10.1039/D0TC00515K
[21]	Q. Lou, G. Lou, R.X. Peng, Z.P. Liu, W. Wang, M.X. Ji, C. Chen, X.L. Zhang, C. Liu, and Z.Y. Ge, Synergistic effect of lewis base polymers and graphene in enhancing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 4(2021), No. 4, p. 3928. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.1c00299
[22]	J.K. Wang, K. Datta, C.H.L. Weijtens, M.M. Wienk, and R.A.J. Janssen, Insights into fullerene passivation of SnO₂ electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells, Adv. Funct. Mater., 29(2019), No. 46, art. No. 1905883. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201905883
[23]	S. Sonmezoglu and S. Akin, Suppression of the interface-dependent nonradiative recombination by using 2-methylbenzimidazole as interlayer for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells, Nano Energy, 76(2020), art. No. 105127. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105127
[24]	H.M. Yi, D. Wang, M.A. Mahmud, F. Haque, M.B. Upama, C. Xu, L.P. Duan, and A. Uddin, Bilayer SnO₂ as electron transport layer for highly efficient perovskite solar cells, ACS Appl. Energy. Mater, 1(2018), No. 11, p. 6027. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.8b01076
[25]	J.J. Yan, Z.C. Lin, Q.B. Cai, X.N. Wen, and C. Mu, Choline chloride-modified SnO₂ achieving high output voltage in MAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells, ACS Appl. Energy Mater, 3(2020), No. 4, p. 3504. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00038
[26]	H.M. Yates, S.M.P. Meroni, D. Raptis, J.L. Hodgkinson, and T.M. Watson, Flame assisted chemical vapour deposition NiO hole transport layers for mesoporous carbon perovskite cells, J. Mater. Chem. C, 7(2019), No. 42, p. 13235. doi: 10.1039/C9TC03922H
[27]	C. Chen, Y. Zhai, F.M. Li, F.R. Tan, G.T. Yue, W.F. Zhang, and M.T. Wang, High efficiency CH₃NH₃PbI₃:CdS perovskite solar cells with CuInS₂ as the hole transporting layer, J. Power Sources, 341(2017), p. 396. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.12.027
[28]	M. Samiee, S. Konduri, B. Ganapathy, R. Kottokkaran, H.A. Abbas, A. Kitahara, P. Joshi, L. Zhang, M. Noack, and V. Dalal, Defect density and dielectric constant in perovskite solar cells, Appl. Phys. Lett., 105(2014), No. 15, art. No. 153502. doi: 10.1063/1.4897329
[29]	M.X. Guo, F.M. Li, L.Y. Ling, and C. Chen, Electrochemical and atomic force microscopy investigations of the effect of CdS on the local electrical properties of CH₃NH₃PbI₃: CdS perovskite solar cells, J. Mater. Chem. C, 5(2017), No. 46, p. 12112. doi: 10.1039/C7TC04377E
[30]	G. Kresse and J. Hafner, Ab initio molecular dynamics for liquid metals, Phys. Rev. B, 47(1993), No. 1, p. 558. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.558
[31]	G. Kresse and J. Furthmüller, Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set, Phys. Rev. B, 54(1996), No. 16, p. 11169. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169
[32]	. P. E. Blöchl, Projector augmented-wave method. Phys. Rev. B, 1994, 50, 17953.
[33]	H.J. Monkhorst and J.D. Pack, Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations, Phys. Rev. B, 13(1976), No. 12, p. 5188. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188
[34]	S. Grimme, Semiempirical GGA-type density functional constructed with a long-range dispersion correction, J. Comput. Chem., 27(2006), No. 15, p. 1787. doi: 10.1002/jcc.20495
[35]	K. Momma and F. Izumi, VESTA 3 for three-dimensional visualization of crystal, volumetric and morphology data, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 44(2011), No. 6, p. 1272. doi: 10.1107/S0021889811038970
[36]	L.X. Zhu, C. Chen, F.M. Li, Z.T. Shen, Y.J. Weng, Q.S. Huang, and M.T. Wang, Enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells by incorporating CdS and Cd(SCN₂H₄)₂Cl₂ into the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ active layer, J. Mater. Chem. A, 7(2019), No. 3, p. 1124. doi: 10.1039/C8TA09933B
[37]	T.Y. Wang, B. Daiber, J.M. Frost, S.A. Mann, E.C. Garnett, A. Walsh, and B. Ehrler, Indirect to direct bandgap transition in methylammonium lead halide perovskite, Energy Environ. Sci., 10(2017), No. 2, p. 509. doi: 10.1039/C6EE03474H
[38]	N.K. Noel, A. Abate, S.D. Stranks, E.S. Parrott, V.M. Burlakov, A. Goriely, and H.J. Snaith, Enhanced photoluminescence and solar cell performance via lewis base passivation of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites, ACS Nano, 8(2014), No. 10, p. 9815. doi: 10.1021/nn5036476
[39]	H.R. Tan, A. Jain, O. Voznyy, X.Z. Lan, F.P. García de Arquer, J.Z. Fan, R. Quintero-Bermudez, M.J. Yuan, B. Zhang, Y.C. Zhao, F.J. Fan, P.C. Li, L.N. Quan, Y.B. Zhao, Z.H. Lu, Z.Y. Yang, S. Hoogland, and E.H. Sargent, Efficient and stable solution-processed planar perovskite solar cells via contact passivation, Sci., 355(2017), No. 6326, p. 722. doi: 10.1126/science.aai9081
[40]	M.B. Johnston and L.M. Herz, Hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics: Charge-carrier recombination, diffusion, and radiative efficiencies, Acc. Chem. Res., 49(2016), No. 1, p. 146. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00411
[41]	G. Tumen-Ulzii, C.J. Qin, T. Matsushima, M.R. Leyden, U. Balijipalli, D. Klotz, and C. Adachi, Understanding the degradation of spiro-OMeTAD-based perovskite solar cells at high temperature, Sol. RRL, 4(2020), No. 10, art. No. 2000305. doi: 10.1002/solr.202000305
[42]	Y.Q. Yang, J.H. Wu, X.P. Liu, Q.Y. Guo, X.B. Wang, L. Liu, Y. Ding, S.Y. Dai, and J.Y. Lin, Dual functional doping of KMnO₄ in spiro-OMeTAD for highly effective planar perovskite solar cells, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2(2019), No. 3, p. 2188. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.8b02219
[43]	J.A. Christians, R.C. Fung, and P.V. Kamat, An inorganic hole conductor for organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells. Improved hole conductivity with copper iodide, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136(2014), No. 2, p. 758. doi: 10.1021/ja411014k
[44]	H.S. Kim, J.W. Lee, N. Yantara, P.P. Boix, S.A. Kulkarni, S. Mhaisalkar, M. Grätzel, and N.G. Park, High efficiency solid-state sensitized solar cell-based on submicrometer rutile TiO₂ nanorod and CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite sensitizer, Nano Lett., 13(2013), No. 6, p. 2412. doi: 10.1021/nl400286w