一种适用于压铸超薄壁件的高导热高强镁合金

荣建; 肖文龙; 赵新青; 马朝利; 廖海淼; 何东磊; 陈明; 黄晨; 黄猛

doi:10.1007/s12613-021-2318-y

Volume 29 Issue 1

Jan. 2022

Turn off MathJax

图(8) / 表(4)

数据统计

计量

文章访问数: 1787
HTML全文浏览量: 888
PDF下载量: 87
被引次数: 0

文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2022 > 29(1): 88-96

Jian Rong, Wenlong Xiao, Xinqing Zhao, Chaoli Ma, Haimiao Liao, Donglei He, Ming Chen, Meng Huang, and Chen Huang, High thermal conductivity and high strength magnesium alloy for high pressure die casting ultrathin-walled components, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 1, pp. 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2318-y

Cite this article as:

Jian Rong, Wenlong Xiao, Xinqing Zhao, Chaoli Ma, Haimiao Liao, Donglei He, Ming Chen, Meng Huang, and Chen Huang, High thermal conductivity and high strength magnesium alloy for high pressure die casting ultrathin-walled components, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 1, pp. 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2318-y

Citation:

PDF( 1874 KB)

引用本文 PDF XML SpringerLink

研究论文

一种适用于压铸超薄壁件的高导热高强镁合金

1)
北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院，北京 100191，中国
2)
东莞青鸟金属材料有限公司，东莞 523000，中国
3)
广东OPPO移动通信有限公司硬件技术中心结构技术部，东莞 523000，中国

通讯作者:
肖文龙 E-mail: wlxiao@buaa.edu.cn

文章亮点

(1) 设计的AZEX4441镁合金具有良好的成型性，适用于压铸超薄壁件。
(2) 制备的AZEX4441镁合金压铸超薄壁件具有很高的力学性能，其抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为233 MPa、185 MPa和4.2%。
(3) 制备的AZEX4441镁合金压铸超薄壁件具有很高的导热性能，其室温导热系数为94.4 W·m^–1·K^–1，远高于AZ91D合金的53.7 W·m^–1·K^–1。

中文摘要

随着3C产业的快速发展，对具有优异力学性能和高导热镁合金的需求增长迅速。然而，常用压铸镁合金（如Mg–9wt%–1wt%Zn）的导热系数很低。为了使镁合金同时兼具优良的压铸性能和导热性能，本研究选择Al、Zn、RE和Ca作为合金化元素，设计并制备了AZEX4441合金及其手机中框压铸超薄壁件，分析了压铸件的微观结构及力学性能。研究发现，AZEX4441合金具有均匀细小的晶粒，其平均晶粒尺寸为~2.8 μm，第二相主要为沿晶界分布的Al₁₁RE₃、Al₂REZn₂ 和Ca₆Mg₂Zn₃相。拉伸测试表明，该合金表现出与AZ91D合金可比的力学性能，其抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为233 MPa、185 MPa和4.2%。同时该合金的室温导热系数为94.4 W·m^–1·K^–1，远高于商用AZ91D合金（53.7 W·m^–1·K^–1）。通过组织对比分析发现，AZEX4441合金具有较高强度的原因，主要是细小均匀的晶粒所贡献的细晶强化和分布在晶界处的大量金属间化合物产生的第二相强化。相比AZ91D合金，AZEX4441合金凝固过程中各组元之间反应生成了大量的第二相，降低了合金基体中的合金化元素含量，进而使晶格畸变减弱，因此具有较高导热性能的原因。本文为发展高导热压铸镁合金，促进镁合金在3C领域的应用提供了一定的参考价值。

关键词:

Research Article

High thermal conductivity and high strength magnesium alloy for high pressure die casting ultrathin-walled components

+ Author Affiliations

Abstract

Abstract

With the rapid development of 3C industries, the demand for high-thermal-conductivity magnesium alloys with high mechanical performance is increasing quickly. However, the thermal conductivities of most common Mg foundry alloys (such as Mg–9wt%–1wt%Zn) are still relatively low. In this study, we developed a high-thermal-conductivity Mg–4Al–4Zn–4RE–1Ca (wt%, AZEX4441) alloy with good mechanical properties for ultrathin-walled cellphone components via high-pressure die casting (HPDC). The HPDC AZEX4441 alloy exhibited a fine homogeneous microstructure (average grain size of 2.8 μm) with granular Al₁₁RE₃, fibrous Al₂REZn₂, and networked Ca₆Mg₂Zn₃ phases distributed at the grain boundaries. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of the HPDC AZEX4441 alloy was 94.4 W·m^–1·K^–1, which was much higher than 53.7 W·m^–1·K^–1 of the HPDC AZ91D alloy. Al and Zn in the AZEX4441 alloy were largely consumed by the formation of Al₁₁RE₃, Al₂REZn₂, and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phases because of the addition of RE and Ca. Therefore, the lattice distortion induced by solute atoms of the AZEX4441 alloy (0.171%) was much lower than that of the AZ91D alloy (0.441%), which was responsible for the high thermal conductivity of the AZEX4441 alloy. The AZEX4441 alloy exhibited a high yield strength of ~185 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of ~233 MPa, and an elongation of ~4.2%. This result indicated that the tensile properties were comparable with those of the AZ91D alloy. Therefore, this study contributed to the development of high-performance Mg alloys with a combination of high thermal conductivity, high strength, and good castability.
- magnesium alloys;
- microstructure;
- thermal conductivity;
- mechanical properties;
- high-pressure die casting

FullText(HTML)

Supplements(0)

References(46)

References

[1]	S.B. Li, X.Y. Yang, J.T. Hou, and W.B. Du, A review on thermal conductivity of magnesium and its alloys, J. Magnesium Alloys, 8(2020), No. 1, p. 78. doi: 10.1016/j.jma.2019.08.002
[2]	J. Rong, P.Y. Wang, M. Zha, C. Wang, X.Y. Xu, H.Y. Wang, and Q.C. Jiang, Development of a novel strength ductile Mg–7Al–5Zn alloy with high superplasticity processed by hard-plate rolling (HPR), J. Alloys Compd., 738(2018), p. 246. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.348
[3]	Y.Y. Zhou, P.H. Fu, L.M. Peng, D. Wang, Y.X. Wang, B. Hu, M. Liu, A.K. Sachdev, and W.J. Ding, Precipitation modification in cast Mg–1Nd–1Ce–Zr alloy by Zn addition, J. Magnesium Alloys, 7(2019), No. 1, p. 113. doi: 10.1016/j.jma.2019.02.003
[4]	H.C. Pan, F.S. Pan, R.M. Yang, J. Peng, C.Y. Zhao, J. She, Z.Y. Gao, and A.T. Tang, Thermal and electrical conductivity of binary magnesium alloys, J. Mater. Sci., 49(2014), No. 8, p. 3107. doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-8012-3
[5]	M.K. Kulekci, Magnesium and its alloys applications in automotive industry, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 39(2008), No. 9-10, p. 851. doi: 10.1007/s00170-007-1279-2
[6]	X.B. Li, W.T. Cao, and Y.Q. Bai, Study on the thermal dispersion of AZ91D, J. Henan Polytech. Univ. Nat. Sci., 29(2010), No. 5, p. 685.
[7]	W.X. Hu, Z.H. Yang, G.H. Chen, and Y.C. Cao, Research progress in influence of rare earth on microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy, Chin. Rare Earths, 35(2014), No. 5, p. 89.
[8]	G.Q. Li, J.H. Zhang, R.Z. Wu, Y. Feng, S.J. Liu, X.J. Wang, Y.F. Jiao, Q. Yang, and J. Meng, Development of high mechanical properties and moderate thermal conductivity cast Mg alloy with multiple RE via heat treatment, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 34(2018), No. 7, p. 1076. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2017.12.011
[9]	J.W. Yuan, K. Zhang, X.H. Zhang, X.G. Li, T. Li, Y.J. Li, M.L. Ma, and G.L. Shi, Thermal characteristics of Mg–Zn–Mn alloys with high specific strength and high thermal conductivity, J. Alloys Compd., 578(2013), p. 32. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.03.184
[10]	C.J. Chen, Q.D. Wang, and D.D. Yin, Thermal properties of Mg–11Y–5Gd–2Zn–0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 487(2009), No. 1-2, p. 560. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.07.177
[11]	A. Rudajevová, M. Staněk, and P. Lukáč, Determination of thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of Mg–Al alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 341(2003), No. 1-2, p. 152. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00233-2
[12]	M. Yamasaki and Y. Kawamura, Thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of Mg–Zn-rare earth element alloys with long-period stacking ordered phase, Scripta Mater., 60(2009), No. 4, p. 264. doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.10.022
[13]	Y.F. Liu, X.G. Qiao, Z.T. Li, Z.H. Xia, and M.Y. Zheng, Effect of nano-precipitation on thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of Mg–2Mn–xLa alloys during hot extrusion, J. Alloys Compd., 830(2020), art. No. 154570. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154570
[14]	C.Y. Su, D.J. Li, A.A. Luo, T. Ying, and X.Q. Zeng, Effect of solute atoms and second phases on the thermal conductivity of Mg–RE alloys: A quantitative study, J. Alloys Compd., 747(2018), p. 431. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.070
[15]	W.L. Xiao, M.A. Easton, S.M. Zhu, M.S. Dargusch, M.A. Gibson, S.S. Jia, and J.F. Nie, Casting defects and mechanical properties of high pressure die cast Mg–Zn–Al–RE alloys, Adv. Eng. Mater., 14(2012), No. 1-2, p. 68. doi: 10.1002/adem.201100149
[16]	L.F. Hou, Y.H. Wei, Y.G. Li, B.S. Liu, H.Y. Du, and C.L. Guo, Erosion process analysis of die-casting inserts for magnesium alloy components, Eng. Fail. Anal., 33(2013), p. 457. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.06.018
[17]	X. Tian, L.M. Wang, J.L. Wang, Y.B. Liu, J. An, and Z.Y. Cao, The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–3Al–3RE alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 465(2008), No. 1-2, p. 412. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.10.100
[18]	L.A. Dobrzański, T. Tański, L. Čížek, and Z. Brytan, Structure and properties of magnesium cast alloys, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 192-193(2007), p. 567.
[19]	A.A. Luo, Recent magnesium alloy development for automotive powertrain applications, Mater. Sci. Forum, 419-422(2003), p. 57. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.419-422.57
[20]	G.Y. Yuan, G.Q. You, S.L. Bai, and W. Guo, Effects of heat treatment on the thermal properties of AZ91D magnesium alloys in different casting processes, J. Alloys Compd., 766(2018), p. 410. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.06.370
[21]	I.A. Anyanwu, Y. Gokan, S. Nozawa, A. Suzuki, S. Kamado, Y. Kojima, S. Takeda, and T. Ishida, Development of new die-castable Mg–Zn–Al–Ca–RE alloys for high temperature applications, Mater. Trans., 44(2003), No. 4, p. 562. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.44.562
[22]	W.L. Xiao, S.S. Jia, L.D. Wang, Y.M. Wu, and L.M. Wang, The microstructures and mechanical properties of cast Mg–Zn–Al–RE alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 480(2009), No. 2, p. L33. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.02.087
[23]	F. Shi, C.Q. Wang, and X.F. Guo, Microstructures and properties of as-cast Mg₉₂Zn₄Y₄ and Mg₉₂Zn₄Y₃Gd₁ alloys with LPSO phase, Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 44(2015), No. 7, p. 1617. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5372(15)30103-X
[24]	W.L. Xiao, M.A. Easton, M.S. Dargusch, S.M. Zhu, and M.A. Gibson, The influence of Zn additions on the microstructure and creep resistance of high pressure die cast magnesium alloy AE44, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 539(2012), p. 177. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2012.01.077
[25]	V.D. Belov, A.V. Koltygin, N.A. Belov, and I.V. Plisetskaya, Innovations in cast magnesium alloys, Metallurgist, 54(2010), No. 5-6, p. 317. doi: 10.1007/s11015-010-9313-2
[26]	Z.R. Zeng, Y.M. Zhu, M.Z. Bian, S.W. Xu, C.H.J. Davies, N. Birbilis, and J.F. Nie, Annealing strengthening in a dilute Mg–Zn–Ca sheet alloy, Scripta Mater., 107(2015), p. 127. doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.06.002
[27]	M. Mabuchi and K. Higashi, Strengthening mechanisms of Mg–Si alloys, Acta Mater., 44(1996), No. 11, p. 4611. doi: 10.1016/1359-6454(96)00072-9
[28]	T. Homma, S. Hirawatari, H. Sunohara, and S. Kamado, Room and elevated temperature mechanical properties in the as-extruded Mg–Al–Ca–Mn alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 539(2012), p. 163. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2012.01.074
[29]	S.M. Zhu, T.B. Abbott, M.A. Gibson, J.F. Nie, and M.A. Easton, Age hardening in die-cast Mg–Al–RE alloys due to minor Mn additions, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 656(2016), p. 34. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.01.012
[30]	F. Wang, W.L. Xiao, M.W. Liu, J. Chen, X. Li, J.B. Xi, and C.L. Ma, Effects of alloying composition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg–Al–Zn–Ca–RE magnesium alloy, Vacuum, 159(2019), p. 400. doi: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.10.072
[31]	W.L. Xiao, S.S. Jia, J. Wang, J.L. Wang, and L.M. Wang, Investigation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a cast Mg–6Zn–5Al–4RE alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 458(2008), No. 1-2, p. 178. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.03.118
[32]	W.Q. Zhang, W.L. Xiao, F. Wang, and C.L. Ma, Development of heat resistant Mg–Zn–Al-based magnesium alloys by addition of La and Ca: Microstructure and tensile properties, J. Alloys Compd., 684(2016), p. 8. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.05.137
[33]	A.K. Dahle, Y.C. Lee, M.D. Nave, P.L. Schaffer, and D.H. StJohn, Development of the as-cast microstructure in magnesium-aluminium alloys, J. Light. Met., 1(2001), No. 1, p. 61. doi: 10.1016/S1471-5317(00)00007-9
[34]	B.R. Tao, R.S. Qiu, Y.F. Zhao, Y.S. Liu, X.N. Tan, B.F. Luan, and Q. Liu, Effects of alloying elements (Sn, Cr and Cu) on second phase particles in Zr–Sn–Nb–Fe–(Cr, Cu) alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 748(2018), p. 745. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.203
[35]	T. Wang, Research on the thermal conductivity of SiC/Al composite, J. Synth. Cryst., 46(2017), No. 10, p. 2062.
[36]	C.M. Wang, Y.G. Chen, S.F. Xiao, W.C. Ding, and X. Liu, Thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg–3Zn–(0.5~3.5)Sn alloys, Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 42(2013), No. 10, p. 2019. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5372(14)60018-7
[37]	R.X. Zheng, J.P. Du, S. Gao, H. Somekawa, S. Ogata, and N. Tsuji, Transition of dominant deformation mode in bulk polycrystalline pure Mg by ultra-grain refinement down to sub-micrometer, Acta Mater., 198(2020), p. 35. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2020.07.055
[38]	Z. Zhang, J.H. Zhang, J. Wang, Z.H. Li, J.S. Xie, S.J. Liu, K. Guan, and R.Z. Wu, Toward the development of Mg alloys with simultaneously improved strength and ductility by refining grain size via the deformation process, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 28(2021), No. 1, p. 30. doi: 10.1007/s12613-020-2190-1
[39]	N. Ono, R. Nowak, and S. Miura, Effect of deformation temperature on Hall-Petch relationship registered for polycrystalline magnesium, Mater. Lett., 58(2004), No. 1-2, p. 39. doi: 10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00410-5
[40]	H. Somekawa and T. Mukai, Hall-Petch relation for deformation twinning in solid solution magnesium alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 561(2013), p. 378. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2012.10.040
[41]	F. Wang, T. Hu, Y.T. Zhang, W.L. Xiao, and C.L. Ma, Effects of Al and Zn contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Al–Zn–Ca magnesium alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 704(2017), p. 57. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2017.07.060
[42]	S.F. Liu, B. Li, X.H. Wang, W. Su, and H. Han, Refinement effect of cerium, calcium and strontium in AZ91 magnesium alloy, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 209(2009), No. 8, p. 3999. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.09.020
[43]	F. Kabirian and R. Mahmudi, Effects of rare earth element additions on the impression creep behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 40(2009), No. 9, p. 2190. doi: 10.1007/s11661-009-9905-2
[44]	B. Kondori and R. Mahmudi, Effect of Ca additions on the microstructure, thermal stability and mechanical properties of a cast AM60 magnesium alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 527(2010), No. 7-8, p. 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2009.11.043
[45]	A.A. Luo and A.K. Sachdev, Development of a new wrought magnesium–aluminum–manganese alloy AM30, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 38(2007), No. 6, p. 1184. doi: 10.1007/s11661-007-9129-2
[46]	Ø. Ryen, B. Holmedal, O. Nijs, E. Nes, E. Sjölander, and H.E. Ekström, Strengthening mechanisms in solid solution aluminum alloys, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 37(2006), No. 6, p. 1999. doi: 10.1007/s11661-006-0142-7