| Cite this article as: |
Xiu Song, Lei Wang, and Yang Liu, A review of the strengthening–toughening behavior and mechanisms of advanced structural materials by multifield coupling treatment, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 2, pp. 185-199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2350-y
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王磊 E-mail: wanglei@mail.neu.edu.cn
利用高能外场控制金属结构材料的微观组织、进而改善材料的综合性能，是目前材料科学研究者广泛关注的热点之一。本文系统分析了几种典型的金属结构材料在电场/电流场–温度–应力等多物理场耦合作用下的强化及韧化行为。通过多场的耦合可以促进位错运动、增加空位浓度、导致相粗化和动态再结晶等，进而可以提高GH4169镍基高温合金、AZ31镁合金和纯钛的塑性。值得一提的是，除了传统的电致塑性效应外，近年来诸多研究表明，高能外场作用下通过控制原子扩散或相变行为，同样可以起到强化合金的效果。例如，适当的电脉冲电流密度可以促进GH4169镍基高温合金中纳米级γ′′相的形成及γ′′相粗化，因而同时提高了合金的强度和塑性；变形纯钛在多场耦合作用下，通过调控位错、孪晶等微观缺陷可以在不降低塑性的条件下提高其强度。本文归纳总结了多场耦合作用下不同类型金属结构材料的强韧化机理，揭示了多场耦合对结构材料的作用机理与合金的组织和缺陷演化有关，包括空位、退火孪晶、位错等，从而进一步影响了相的析出、粗化以及再结晶等行为，从而对材料的强化和韧化产生显著影响。本文不仅揭示了多场耦合对金属结构材料的作用机制，同时旨在为改善金属结构材料的强韧性提供一种可行的方法。最后，在现有工作的基础上，展望了多物理耦合场在结构材料中的应用前景。
The application of an external field is a promising method to control the microstructure of materials, leading to their improved performance. In the present paper, the strengthening and toughening behavior of some typical high-performance structural materials subjected to multifield coupling treatment, including electrostatic field, electro-pulse current, thermal field, and stress field, are reviewed in detail. In addition to the general observation that the plasticity of materials could be increased by multi-external fields, strength enhancement can be achieved by controlling atomic diffusion or phase transformations. The paper is not limited to the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of the multifield coupling effects on different types of structural materials but is intended to provide a generic method to improve both the strength and ductility of the materials. Finally, the prospects of the applications of multi-external fields have also been proposed based on current works.
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