| Cite this article as: |
Chao Miao, Lixing Liang, Fan Zhang, Shumei Chen, Kaixuan Shang, Jinlong Jiang, Yi Zhang, and Jing Ouyang, Review of the fabrication and application of porous materials from silicon-rich industrial solid waste, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 3, pp. 424-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2360-9
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张毅 E-mail: yee_z10@csu.edu.cn
欧阳静 E-mail: jingouyang@csu.edu.cn
多孔材料在隔音、隔热、减振、催化等方面具有广阔的应用前景。大多数工业固体废料，如尾矿、煤矸石、粉煤灰等都富含硅。而高硅含量的固废恰是合成硅基多孔材料(如沸石、介孔二氧化硅、微晶玻璃和地聚合物泡沫)的潜在原料。工业固废的大量堆积、处置和利用不充分，将破坏土地资源，危害生活环境，所以将其无害化转化为多孔材料是利用工业固废生产环境友好型产品的有效途径。本文综述了近年来富硅工业固废(SRISW)制备多孔材料的应用和研究进展。首先分析了一些典型富硅工业固体废物的化学组成和物理化学性质，对硅基多孔材料的加工和应用进行了简要综述。概述了SRISW多孔材料的制备方法，并对基于SRISW的微孔、介孔和大孔材料的常用功能设计和应用进行了分类，分析了SRISW向多孔材料的转化机理和实现多孔材料大规模制造应用的实际策略。总结了SRISW在制备多孔材料及其应用过程中可能存在的问题，并对其发展前景进行了展望。为工业固废的回收利用，开发可持续的“绿色材料”提供了典型的参考。
Porous materials have promise as sound insulation, heat barrier, vibration attenuation, and catalysts. Most industrial solid wastes, such as tailings, coal gangue, and fly ash are rich in silicon. Additionally, a high silicon content waste is a potential raw material for the synthesis of silicon-based, multi-porous materials such as zeolites, mesoporous silica, glass–ceramics, and geopolymer foams. Representative silicon-rich industrial solid wastes (SRISWs) are the focus of this mini review of the processing and application of porous silicon materials with respect to the physical and chemical properties of the SRISW. The transformation methods of preparing porous materials from SRISWs are summarized, and their research status in micro-, meso-, and macro-scale porous materials are described. Possible problems in the application of SRISWs and in the preparation of functional porous materials are analyzed, and their development prospects are discussed. This review should provide a typical reference for the recycling and use of industrial solid wastes to develop sustainable “green materials.”
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