车用燃料电池金属双极板的技术进展与挑战

刘高阳; 侯法国; 彭善龙; 王新东; 方百增

doi:10.1007/s12613-022-2485-5

Volume 29 Issue 5

Apr. 2022

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文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2022 > 29(5): 1099-1119

Gaoyang Liu, Faguo Hou, Shanlong Peng, Xindong Wang, and Baizeng Fang, Process and challenges of stainless steel based bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 5, pp. 1099-1119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2485-5

Cite this article as:

Gaoyang Liu, Faguo Hou, Shanlong Peng, Xindong Wang, and Baizeng Fang, Process and challenges of stainless steel based bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 5, pp. 1099-1119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2485-5

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特约综述

车用燃料电池金属双极板的技术进展与挑战

1)
北京科技大学钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室, 中国北京100083
2)
北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院, 中国北京100083
3)
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada

通讯作者:
刘高阳 E-mail: bfang@chbe.ubc.ca

方百增 E-mail: bfang@chbe.ubc.ca

文章亮点

（1）系统地阐述了金属双极板的优势和在质子膜燃料电池中应用的一些问题。

（2）探讨金属双极板的腐蚀和钝化机理，表征和评价以及表面改性技术。

（3）展示了不锈钢双极板发展的非涂层和涂层技术路线。

中文摘要

以质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）为动力的汽车因其无污染、低温启动、高能量密度、低噪声等优点而被认为是替代传统燃料汽车的最终解决方案。双极板作为质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的核心部件之一，在电池堆中起着重要作用。传统的石墨双极板和复合双极板因其强度低、脆性高、加工成本高等缺点而受到批评。相比之下，不锈钢双极板（SSBPs）因其优异的综合性能、低廉的成本和多样化的汽车应用选择，近年来引起了国内外研究者的广泛关注。然而，SSBP在PEMFC工作环境中容易发生腐蚀和钝化，导致输出功率降低或过早失效。本文综述了目前SSBPs研究中的腐蚀和钝化机理、表征和评价以及表面改性技术。展示了SSBPs的非涂层和涂层技术路线，如基底成分调节、热氮化、电镀、离子镀、化学气相沉积和物理气相沉积等。SSBPs的替代涂层材料有金属涂层、金属氮化物涂层、导电聚合物涂层和聚合物/碳涂层，这两种表面改性技术都可以在不影响接触电阻的情况下解决不锈钢的耐腐蚀问题，但仍面临长期稳定性、低成本可行性和批量生产工艺等限制。本文的研究有助于丰富高性能长寿命质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）汽车用双极板的知识。

关键词:

Invited Review

Process and challenges of stainless steel based bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Abstract

Abstract

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) powered automobiles have been recognized to be the ultimate solution to replace traditional fuel automobiles because of their advantages of PEMFCs such as no pollution, low temperature start-up, high energy density, and low noise. As one of the core components, the bipolar plates (BPs) play an important role in the PEMFC stack. Traditional graphite BPs and composite BPs have been criticized for their shortcomings such as low strength, high brittleness, and high processing cost. In contrast, stainless steel BPs (SSBPs) have recently attracted much attention of domestic and foreign researchers because of their excellent comprehensive performance, low cost, and diverse options for automobile applications. However, the SSBPs are prone to corrosion and passivation in the PEMFC working environment, which lead to reduced output power or premature failure. This review is aimed to summarize the corrosion and passivation mechanisms, characterizations and evaluation, and the surface modification technologies in the current SSBPs research. The non-coating and coating technical routes of SSBPs are demonstrated, such as substrate component regulation, thermal nitriding, electroplating, ion plating, chemical vapor deposition, and physical vapor deposition, etc. Alternative coating materials for SSBPs are metal coatings, metal nitride coatings, conductive polymer coatings, and polymer/carbon coatings, etc. Both the surface modification technologies can solve the corrosion resistance problem of stainless steel without affecting the contact resistance, however still facing restraints such as long-time stability, feasibility of low-cost, and mass production process. This paper is believed to enrich the knowledge of high-performance and long-life BPs applied for PEMFC automobiles.
- automobile application;
- proton exchange membrane fuel cell;
- stainless steel bipolar plates;
- corrosion resistance;
- contact resistance

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Process and challenges of stainless steel based bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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