水下和陆上送丝式激光沉积铝合金的微观组织和显微硬度

郭宁; 成奇; 付云龙; 高阳; 陈昊; 张帅; 张欣; 何金龙

doi:10.1007/s12613-022-2500-x

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Apr. 2023

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文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2023 > 30(4): 670-677

Ning Guo, Qi Cheng, Yunlong Fu, Yang Gao, Hao Chen, Shuai Zhang, Xin Zhang, and Jinlong He, Microstructure and microhardness of aluminium alloy with underwater and in-air wire-feed laser deposition, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 4, pp. 670-677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2500-x

Cite this article as:

Ning Guo, Qi Cheng, Yunlong Fu, Yang Gao, Hao Chen, Shuai Zhang, Xin Zhang, and Jinlong He, Microstructure and microhardness of aluminium alloy with underwater and in-air wire-feed laser deposition, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 4, pp. 670-677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2500-x

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研究论文

水下和陆上送丝式激光沉积铝合金的微观组织和显微硬度

1)
哈尔滨工业大学先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室，哈尔滨 150000，中国
2)
哈尔滨工业大学(威海)山东省特种焊接技术重点实验室，威海 264209，中国
3)
山东船舶技术研究院，威海 264209，中国
4)
燕山大学机械工程学院，秦皇岛 066004，中国
5)
国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司，北京 100101，中国

通讯作者:
付云龙 E-mail: fuyunl2022@126.com

文章亮点

(1) 在薄壁铝合金管表面进行了水下原位送丝式激光沉积。

(2) 研究了水下和陆上激光沉积过程中晶粒生长机制和镁元素烧损机理。

(3) 分析了水环境对激光沉积铝合金显微硬度的影响并揭示了原因。

中文摘要

铝合金因其比强度高、耐腐蚀性能好而被广泛应用于船舶和核电等领域。然而，由于服役环境恶劣，铝合金易于发生腐蚀失效。与传统修复方法相比，水下送丝式激光沉积具有受水压影响小、自动化程度高等优点。目前，对于薄壁管状结构铝合金的表面修复研究较少，尤其是水环境下的原位表面修复。本文首次在薄壁管状结构铝合金的表面进行了水下原位送丝式激光沉积，并与陆上送丝式激光沉积进行了对比分析。水下和陆上沉积层均成形良好，不存在未熔合、裂纹等缺陷。与陆上沉积层相比，水下沉积层的氧化程度略重。在水下和陆上沉积层的熔化区中，柱状晶均在熔合线处形核，并沿最大冷却速率方向生长；在沉积区中均形成了等轴晶。随着激光沉积环境从陆上转变为水下，沉积区宽度和熔化区高度均减小，而沉积角和沉积区高度均增大。由于水环境中激光沉积过程的冷却速率较大，使得峰值温度较低且高温停留时间较短，导致水下激光沉积的晶粒尺寸较小，大角度晶界所占比例较低。此外，水下沉积区的镁元素含量高于陆上的，表明水环境的存在有利于降低沉积区中镁元素烧损。水下沉积层的平均显微硬度高于陆上的，这主要与晶粒尺寸和镁元素烧损有关，根据Hall–Petch公式，材料的晶粒尺寸越细小，显微硬度越高；另外，镁元素含量较高，有利于提高铝-镁合金的显微硬度。

关键词:

Research Article

Microstructure and microhardness of aluminium alloy with underwater and in-air wire-feed laser deposition

+ Author Affiliations

1)
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
2)
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China
3)
Shandong Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, Weihai 264209, China
4)
School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
5)
China Oil & Gas Pipeline Network Corporation, Beijing 100101, China

Corresponding author:
Yunlong Fu E-mail: fuyunl2022@126.com
Received: 21 February 2022; Revised: 7 April 2022; Accepted: 14 April 2022; Available online: 15 April 2022

Abstract

Abstract

This study carried out the underwater and in-air wire-feed laser deposition of an aluminium alloy with a thin-walled tubular structure. For both the underwater and in-air deposition layers, both were well-formed and incomplete fusion, cracks, or other defects did not exist. Compared with the single-track deposition layer in air, the oxidation degree of the underwater single-track deposition layer was slightly higher. In both the underwater and in-air deposition layers, columnar dendrites nucleated close to the fusion line and grew along the direction of the maximum cooling rate in the fusion region (FR), while equiaxed grains formed in the deposited region (DR). As the environment changed from air to water, the width of DR and height of FR decreased, but the deposition angle and height of DR increased. The grain size and ratio of the high-angle boundaries also decreased due to the large cooling rate and low peak temperature in the water environment.Besides, the existence of a water environment benefitted the reduction of magnesium element burning loss in the DR. The microhardness values of the underwater deposition layer were much larger than those of the in-air layer, owing to the fine grains and high magnesium content.
- wire-feed laser deposition;
- microstructure;
- magnesium element burn loss;
- microhardness

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