搅拌摩擦焊实现T91耐热钢和316L不锈钢的高强异质连接

王志伟; 张敏; 李聪; 牛风雷; 张昊; 薛鹏; 倪丁瑞; 肖伯律; 马宗义

doi:10.1007/s12613-022-2508-2

Volume 30 Issue 1

Jan. 2023

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文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2023 > 30(1): 166-176

Zhiwei Wang, Min Zhang, Cong Li, Fenglei Niu, Hao Zhang, Peng Xue, Dingrui Ni, Bolv Xiao, and Zongyi Ma, Achieving a high-strength dissimilar joint of T91 heat-resistant steel to 316L stainless steel via friction stir welding, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 1, pp. 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2508-2

Cite this article as:

Zhiwei Wang, Min Zhang, Cong Li, Fenglei Niu, Hao Zhang, Peng Xue, Dingrui Ni, Bolv Xiao, and Zongyi Ma, Achieving a high-strength dissimilar joint of T91 heat-resistant steel to 316L stainless steel via friction stir welding, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 1, pp. 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2508-2

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研究论文

搅拌摩擦焊实现T91耐热钢和316L不锈钢的高强异质连接

1)
中国科学院金属研究所核用材料与安全评价重点实验室，沈阳 110016，中国
2)
华北电力大学核科学与工程学院，北京 102206，中国
3)
中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心，沈阳 110016，中国
4)
中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院，沈阳 110016，中国

通讯作者:
薛鹏 E-mail: pxue@imr.ac.cn

倪丁瑞 E-mail: drni@imr.ac.cn

文章亮点

(1) 成功实现T91耐热钢和316L不锈钢的等强搅拌摩擦焊接.

(2) 在异质界面处发现细晶过渡区并阐明其形成机制.

(3) 异质界面处同时存在机械搅拌与冶金结合作用是实现可靠连接的关键.

(4) 生成铁素体是接头T91侧热影响区发生软化（硬度降低10 HV）的主要原因.

中文摘要

T91耐热钢和316L不锈钢是超超临界发电机组和核反应堆中的关键结构材料，实现上述两种材料的可靠连接是保证核电站构件安全服役的前提。然而采用传统熔焊方法难以获得高质量接头，接头的强度和塑性亟待进一步优化。本研究通过搅拌摩擦焊接技术对T91与316L钢异质接头的组织与性能进行协同优化，采用小尺寸工具在较高焊速下施焊获得了拥有大尺寸异质结合界面的无缺陷接头，异质界面处的混合区中同时存在机械混合和冶金结合作用，并成为实现两种材料可靠连接的关键。整体接头未发现明显的材料软化现象，由于铁素体相的生成T91侧热影响区的硬度有所下降，但降幅仅为HV ~10。接头表现出优异的拉伸性能，其中抗拉强度可达316L母材水平，屈服强度相对316L母材提升26%，同时保持较高的断裂延伸率（17%）。本研究结果可为高强异质核电材料的可靠连接提供技术指导和理论参考。

关键词:

Research Article

Achieving a high-strength dissimilar joint of T91 heat-resistant steel to 316L stainless steel via friction stir welding

+ Author Affiliations

1)
CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2)
School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
3)
Shi Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
4)
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

Corresponding authors:
Peng Xue E-mail: pxue@imr.ac.cn

Dingrui Ni E-mail: drni@imr.ac.cn
Received: 30 January 2022; Revised: 22 April 2022; Accepted: 25 April 2022; Available online: 29 April 2022

Abstract

Abstract

The reliable welding of T91 heat-resistant steel to 316L stainless steel is a considerable issue for ensuring the safety in service of ultra-supercritical power generation unit and nuclear fusion reactor, but the high-quality dissimilar joint of these two steels was difficult to be obtained by traditional fusion welding methods. Here we improved the structure–property synergy in a dissimilar joint of T91 steel to 316L steel via friction stir welding. A defect-free joint with a large bonding interface was produced using a small-sized tool under a relatively high welding speed. The bonding interface was involved in a mixing zone with both mechanical mixing and metallurgical bonding. No obvious material softening was detected in the joint except a negligible hardness decline of only HV ~10 in the heat-affected zone of the T91 steel side due to the formation of ferrite phase. The welded joint exhibited an excellent ultimate tensile strength as high as that of the 316L parent metal and a greatly enhanced yield strength on account of the dependable bonding and material renovation in the weld zone. This work recommends a promising technique for producing high-strength weldments of dissimilar nuclear steels.
- heat-resistant steel;
- stainless steel;
- friction stir welding;
- dissimilar welding;
- microstructure;
- mechanical property

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