从自然资源中提取锂的研究进展

刘玉博; 马保中; 吕英威; 王成彦; 陈永强

doi:10.1007/s12613-022-2544-y

Volume 30 Issue 2

Feb. 2023

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文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2023 > 30(2): 209-224

Yubo Liu, Baozhong Ma, Yingwei Lü, Chengyan Wang, and Yongqiang Chen, A review of lithium extraction from natural resources, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 2, pp. 209-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2544-y

Cite this article as:

Yubo Liu, Baozhong Ma, Yingwei Lü, Chengyan Wang, and Yongqiang Chen, A review of lithium extraction from natural resources, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 2, pp. 209-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2544-y

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特约综述

从自然资源中提取锂的研究进展

1)
北京科技大学钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室, 北京 100083, 中国
2)
北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院, 北京 100083, 中国
3)
北京科技大学稀贵金属绿色回收与提取北京市重点实验室, 北京 100083, 中国

通讯作者:
马保中 E-mail: bzhma_ustb@yeah.net

王成彦 E-mail: chywang@yeah.net

文章亮点

(1) 系统地总结了近年来从自然资源中提取锂的技术进展。

(2) 比较了各提锂方法的优缺点。

(3) 在对现有方法认识的基础上，对自然资源提锂的发展提出了合理的建议。

中文摘要

锂是国家重要的战略储备金属，是许多战略性新兴产业的关键原材料。随着全球电气化的普及和可控核聚变的发展，锂的消费量在近十年有了明显的增长，可以预见的是，其需求量将在未来很长一段时间内持续增长。虽然研究人员已开展了很多从废旧材料中回收锂的研究，但受限于目前市场上锂的总流通量，从自然资源中提取锂仍然是新兴产业快速发展的首选。本文综述了近年来从自然资源中提取锂的技术进展。以锂辉石、锂云母和盐湖卤水为主要锂资源，对现有的提取方法进行了总结，并比较了各种方法的优缺点。锂辉石的转型-熟化法是目前最重要的提锂工艺，然而大量能源和硫酸的消耗仍无法避免。少数企业选择锂云母作为工业生产提锂的原料，但未考虑高价值的铷和铯的综合利用。针对高镁锂比的盐湖卤水，大量研究仅局限于实验室规模，真正落地投产的很少。上述存在的问题急需解决，同时也应着力于开发新兴技术应用于从自然资源中提取锂。本文为未来自然资源提锂工艺的研究、开发、优化和工业应用提供了参考。

关键词:

锂;
提取;
锂辉石;
锂云母;
盐湖卤水

Invited Review

A review of lithium extraction from natural resources

+ Author Affiliations

Abstract

Abstract

Lithium is considered to be the most important energy metal of the 21st century. Because of the development trend of global electrification, the consumption of lithium has increased significantly over the last decade, and it is foreseeable that its demand will continue to increase for a long time. Limited by the total amount of lithium on the market, lithium extraction from natural resources is still the first choice for the rapid development of emerging industries. This paper reviews the recent technological developments in the extraction of lithium from natural resources. Existing methods are summarized by the main resources, such as spodumene, lepidolite, and brine. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared. Finally, reasonable suggestions are proposed for the development of lithium extraction from natural resources based on the understanding of existing methods. This review provides a reference for the research, development, optimization, and industrial application of future processes.
- lithium;
- extraction;
- spodumene;
- lepidolite;
- brine

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