聚丙烯纤维对冲击载荷下水泥基尾矿回填材料能量吸收和断裂的强化作用

李佳建; 曹帅; Erol Yilmaz

doi:10.1007/s12613-023-2806-3

Volume 31 Issue 4

Apr. 2024

Turn off MathJax

图(17) / 表(2)

数据统计

计量

文章访问数: 536
HTML全文浏览量: 217
PDF下载量: 73
被引次数: 0

文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2024 > 31(4): 650-664

Jiajian Li, Shuai Cao, and Erol Yilmaz, Reinforcing effects of polypropylene on energy absorption and fracturing of cement-based tailings backfill under impact loading, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 4, pp. 650-664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2806-3

Cite this article as:

Jiajian Li, Shuai Cao, and Erol Yilmaz, Reinforcing effects of polypropylene on energy absorption and fracturing of cement-based tailings backfill under impact loading, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 4, pp. 650-664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2806-3

Citation:

PDF( 7481 KB)

引用本文 PDF XML SpringerLink

研究论文

聚丙烯纤维对冲击载荷下水泥基尾矿回填材料能量吸收和断裂的强化作用

1)
北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院, 北京 100083, 中国
2)
北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083, 中国
3)
Department of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Division, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Fener, Rize TR53100, Turkey

通讯作者:
曹帅 E-mail: sandy_cao@ustb.edu.cn

Erol Yilmaz E-mail: erol.yilmaz@erdogan.edu.tr

文章亮点

(1) 基于CT扫描技术揭示了聚丙烯纤维在不同高径比充填体内的空间分布形式

(2) 分析了动载荷冲击作用下高径比对聚丙烯纤维增强充填体能量变化的影响

(3) 基于CT扫描技术揭示了动载荷冲击作用下高径比对聚丙烯纤维增强充填体内部裂纹分布的影响

中文摘要

聚丙烯（PP）纤维增强水泥基尾矿充填体（FRCTB）是一种绿色复合材料，具有优异的抗裂性能，在地下采矿中具有良好的应用前景。然而，FRCTB 易受冲击地压和爆破振动等动态事件的影响。考虑到高度/直径（H/D）效应，本文研究了 FRCTB 在动态冲击下的能量和裂纹分布行为。对六种 FRCTB 进行了霍普金森压杆、工业计算机断层扫描和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）实验。实验室结果证实纤维聚集在试样底部。当 H/D 小于 0.8 时，沿θ 角为80°–90°的 PP 纤维比例增加。就总能量而言，所有样品的能量吸收、反射率和透射率都相似。不过，在峰值阶段，H/D 的上升可能会导致 FRCTB 的能量吸收率上升。平均应变率与单位体积吸收的能量之间存在正相关。H/D 的增加导致 FRCTB 的裂缝体积分数降低。当 H/D 大于或等于 0.7 时，在入射面附近观察到 FRCTB 的最大裂纹体积分数。只有在 H/D 比为 0.5 的 FRCTB 中才会出现径向裂纹。H/D 比为 0.5 和 0.6 的样品显示出相似的弱损伤区和重损伤区分布。聚丙烯纤维可以通过影响裂纹的路径来限制裂纹的出现和扩展。扫描电子显微镜的观察结果表明，纤维与 FRCTB 之间的粘合强度存在很大差异。与基材粘附得特别好的纤维与粘附在表面的水化产物一起被吸引过来。这些结果表明，FRCTB 很有希望成为一种可持续的绿色回填材料。

关键词:

Research Article

Reinforcing effects of polypropylene on energy absorption and fracturing of cement-based tailings backfill under impact loading

+ Author Affiliations

1)
School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2)
State Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines of Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3)
Department of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Division, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Fener, Rize TR53100, Turkey

Shuai Cao is an editorial board member for this journal and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Corresponding authors:
Shuai Cao E-mail: sandy_cao@ustb.edu.cn

Erol Yilmaz E-mail: erol.yilmaz@erdogan.edu.tr
Received: 26 September 2023; Revised: 4 December 2023; Accepted: 5 December 2023; Available online: 8 December 2023

Abstract

Abstract

Polypropylene (PP) fiber-reinforced cement-based tailings backfill (FRCTB) is a green compound material with superior crack resistance and has good prospects for application in underground mining. However, FRCTB exhibits susceptibility to dynamic events, such as impact ground pressure and blast vibrations. This paper investigates the energy and crack distribution behavior of FRCTB under dynamic impact, considering the height/diameter (H/D) effect. Split Hopkinson pressure bar, industrial computed tomography scan, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments were carried out on six types of FRCTB. Laboratory outcomes confirmed fiber aggregation at the bottom of specimens. When H/D was less than 0.8, the proportion of PP fibers distributed along the θ angle direction of 80°–90° increased. For the total energy, all samples presented similar energy absorption, reflectance, and transmittance. However, a rise in H/D may cause a rise in the energy absorption rate of FRCTB during the peak phase. A positive correlation existed between the average strain rate and absorbed energy per unit volume. The increase in H/D resulted in a decreased crack volume fraction of FRCTB. When the H/D was greater than or equal to 0.7, the maximum crack volume fraction of FRCTB was observed close to the incidence plane. Radial cracks were present only in the FRCTB with an H/D ratio of 0.5. Samples with H/D ratios of 0.5 and 0.6 showed similar distributions of weakly and heavily damaged areas. PP fibers can limit the emergence and expansion of cracks by influencing their path. SEM observations revealed considerable differences in the bonding strengths between fibers and the FRCTB. Fibers that adhered particularly well to the substrate were attracted together with the hydration products adhering to surfaces. These results show that FRCTB is promising as a sustainable and green backfill for determining the design properties of mining with backfill.
- cement-based tailings;
- fiber-reinforced backfills;
- fracture;
- energy absorption;
- impact loading

FullText(HTML)

Supplements(0)

References(78)

References

[1]	A.L. Raka and P. Stephan, Prospective environmental assessment of reprocessing and valorization alternatives for sulfidic copper tailings, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 186(2022), art. No. 106567. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106567
[2]	Z.Y. Zhao, S. Cao, and E. Yilmaz, Effect of layer thickness on the flexural property and microstructure of 3D-printed rhomboid polymer-reinforced cemented tailing composites, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 2, p. 236. doi: 10.1007/s12613-022-2557-6
[3]	K. Fang, L. Ren, and H.Q. Jiang, Development of Mode I and Mode II fracture toughness of cemented paste backfill: Experimental results of the effect of mix proportion, temperature and chemistry of the pore water, Eng. Fract. Mech., 258(2021), art. No. 108096. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2021.108096
[4]	G.L. Xue, E. Yilmaz, and Y.D. Wang, Progress and prospects of mining with backfill in metal mines in China, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 8, p. 1455. doi: 10.1007/s12613-023-2663-0
[5]	M. Sari, E. Yilmaz, T. Kasap, and N.U. Guner, Strength and microstructure evolution in cemented mine backfill with low and high pH pyritic tailings: Effect of mineral admixtures, Constr. Build. Mater., 328(2022), art. No. 127109. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127109
[6]	Z. Al-Moselly, M. Fall, and S. Haruna, Further insight into the strength development of cemented paste backfill materials containing polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer, J. Build. Eng., 47(2022), art. No. 103859. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103859
[7]	H.Z. Jiao, W.X. Zhang, Y.X. Yang, et al., Static mechanical characteristics and meso-damage evolution characteristics of layered backfill under the condition of inclined interface, Constr. Build. Mater., 366(2023), art. No. 130113. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130113
[8]	Z.L. Xue, H.K. Sun, D.Q. Gan, Z.P. Yan, and Z.Y. Liu, Wall slip behavior of cemented paste backfill slurry during pipeline based on noncontact experimental detection, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 8, p. 1515. doi: 10.1007/s12613-023-2610-0
[9]	M.Z. Emad, H. Mitri, and C. Kelly, Dynamic model validation using blast vibration monitoring in mine backfill, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 107(2018), p. 48. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.04.047
[10]	N.U. Guner, E. Yilmaz, M. Sari, and T. Kasap, Cementitious backfill with partial replacement of Cu-rich mine tailings by sand: Rheological, mechanical and microstructural properties, Minerals, 13(2023), No. 3, art. No. 437. doi: 10.3390/min13030437
[11]	V. Sarfarazi, H. Haeri, and A.B. Shemirani, Direct and indirect methods for determination of mode I fracture toughness using PFC2D, Comput. Concr., 20(2017), No. 1, p. 039. doi: 10.12989/cac.2017.20.1.039
[12]	T. Kasap, E. Yilmaz, M. Sari, and S. Karasu, Predicting long-term impact of cementitious mine fill considering sand as a copper-tailings substitution, Powder Technol., 428(2023), art. No. 118887. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118887
[13]	Z.Q. Huang, S. Cao, and E. Yilmaz, Microstructure and mechanical behavior of cemented gold/tungsten mine tailings-crushed rock backfill: Effects of rock gradation and content, J. Environ. Manage., 339(2023), art. No. 117897. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117897
[14]	X.Y. He, W.L. Li, J. Yang, et al., Multi-solid waste collaborative production of clinker-free cemented iron tailings backfill material with ultra-low binder-tailing ratio, Constr. Build. Mater., 367(2023), art. No. 130271. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130271
[15]	J.J. Li, S. Cao, and E. Yilmaz, Characterization of macro mechanical properties and microstructures of cement-based composites prepared from fly ash, gypsum and steel slag, Minerals, 12(2022), No. 1, art. No. 6. doi: doi.org/10.3390/min12010006
[16]	G.J. Zhu, W.C. Zhu, Y. Fu, B.X. Yan, and H.Q. Jiang, Effects of chloride salts on strength, hydration, and microstructure of cemented tailings backfill with one-part alkali-activated slag, Constr. Build. Mater., 374(2023), art. No. 130965. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130965
[17]	M. Benzaazoua, T. Belem, and E. Yilmaz, Novel lab tool for paste backfill, Can. Min. J., 127(2006), No. 3, p. 31.
[18]	W. Liu, H.G. Yu, S. Wang, et al., Evolution mechanism of mechanical properties of cemented tailings backfill with partial replacement of cement by rice straw ash at different binder content, Powder Technol., 419(2023), art. No. 118344. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118344
[19]	S.H. Yin, Y.Q. Hou, S.X. Yang, and X. Chen, Study on static and dynamic flocculation settlement characteristics of fine tailings slurry and influence of flocculant on strength of fine tailings backfill, Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 17(2022), art. No. e01525. doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01525
[20]	Z.Q. Huang, E. Yilmaz, and S. Cao, Analysis of strength and microstructural characteristics of mine backfills containing fly ash and desulfurized gypsum, Minerals, 11(2021), No. 4, art. No. 409. doi: 10.3390/min11040409
[21]	X. Zhang, X.L. Xue, D.X. Ding, Y.T. Gu, and P.C. Sun, Feasibility of uranium tailings for cemented backfill and its environmental effects, Sci. Total Environ., 863(2023), art. No. 160863. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160863
[22]	D.Q. Gan, H.K. Sun, Z.Y. Liu, and Y.J. Zhang, Late mechanical properties and energy evolution mechanism of cemented tailings backfill under early damage, Eng. Fail. Anal., 149(2023), art. No. 107249. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107249
[23]	Z.G. Xiu, F.Z. Meng, F.L. Wang, S.H. Wang, Y.C. Ji, and Q.K. Hou, Shear behavior and damage evolution of the interface between rough rock and cemented tailings backfill, Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., 125(2023), art. No. 103887. doi: 10.1016/j.tafmec.2023.103887
[24]	J.J. Li, S. Cao, and W.D. Song, Distribution development of pore/crack expansion and particle structure of cemented solid-waste composites based on CT and 3D reconstruction techniques, Constr. Build. Mater., 376(2023), art. No. 130966. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130966
[25]	H. Haeri, V. Sarfarazi, and Z. Zhu, Analysis of crack coalescence in concrete using neural networks, Strength Mater., 48(2016), No. 6, p. 850. doi: 10.1007/s11223-017-9831-2
[26]	V. Sarfarazi, H. Haeri, P. Ebneabbasi, A. Bagher Shemirani, and A. Hedayat, Determination of tensile strength of concrete using a novel apparatus, Constr. Build. Mater., 166(2018), p. 817. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.157
[27]	K. Zhao, J. Yang, X. Yu, et al., Damage evolution process of fiber-reinforced backfill based on acoustic emission three-dimensional localization, Compos. Struct., 309(2023), art. No. 116723. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116723
[28]	X.L. Xue, Y.T. Gu, X. Zhang, et al., Mechanical behavior and microscopic mechanism of fiber reinforced coarse aggregate cemented backfill, Constr. Build. Mater., 366(2023), art. No. 130093. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130093
[29]	J. Yang, K. Zhao, X. Yu, et al., Crack classification of fiber-reinforced backfill based on Gaussian mixed moving average filtering method, Cem. Concr. Compos., 134(2022), art. No. 104740. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104740
[30]	Q.S. Chen, H.L. Zhou, Y.M. Wang, D.L. Wang, Q.L. Zhang, and Y.K. Liu, Erosion wear at the bend of pipe during tailings slurry transportation: Numerical study considering inlet velocity, particle size and bend angle, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 8, p. 1608. doi: 10.1007/s12613-023-2672-z
[31]	S.W. Qin, S. Cao, and E. Yilmaz, Employing U-shaped 3D printed polymer to improve flexural properties of cementitious tailings backfills, Constr. Build. Mater., 320(2022), art. No. 126296. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.126296
[32]	S. Wang, X.P. Song, Q.S. Chen, et al., Mechanical properties of cemented tailings backfill containing alkalized rice straw of various lengths, J. Environ. Manage., 276(2020), art. No. 111124. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111124
[33]	Qin S., Cao S., Yilmaz E., and J.J. Li, Influence of types and shapes of 3D printed polymeric lattice on ductility performance of cementitious backfill composites, Constr. Build. Mater., 307(2021), art. No. 124973. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124973
[34]	I.L.S. Libos, L. Cui, and X.R. Liu, Effect of curing temperature on time-dependent shear behavior and properties of polypropylene fiber-reinforced cemented paste backfill, Constr. Build. Mater., 311(2021), art. No. 125302. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125302
[35]	B. Holmberg and L. Cui, Multiphysics processes in the interfacial transition zone of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites under induced curing pressure and implications for mine backfill materials: A critical review, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 8, p. 1474. doi: 10.1007/s12613-023-2640-7
[36]	Y. Zhou, S.H. Yin, K. Zhao, L.M. Wang, and L. Liu, Understanding the static rate dependence of early fracture behavior of cemented paste backfill using digital image correlation and acoustic emission techniques, Eng. Fract. Mech., 283(2023), art. No. 109209. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2023.109209
[37]	H. Haeri, V. Sarfarazi, and Z.M. Zhu, Effect of normal load on the crack propagation from pre-existing joints using Particle Flow Code (PFC), Comput. Concr., 19(2017), No. 1, p. 99. doi: 10.12989/cac.2017.19.1.099
[38]	S. Cao, G.L. Xue, E. Yilmaz, and Z.Y. Yin, Assessment of rheological and sedimentation characteristics of fresh cemented tailings backfill slurry, Int. J. Min. Reclam. Environ., 35(2021), No. 5, p. 319. doi: 10.1080/17480930.2020.1826092
[39]	H. Haeri, V. Sarfarazi, M. Yazdani, A.B. Shemirani, and A. Hedayat, Experimental and numerical investigation of the center-cracked horseshoe disk method for determining the mode I fracture toughness of rock-like material, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 51(2018), No. 1, p. 173. doi: 10.1007/s00603-017-1310-3
[40]	O. Stamati, E. Roubin, E. Andò, Y. Malecot, and P. Charrier, Fracturing process of micro-concrete under uniaxial and triaxial compression: Insights from in situ X-ray mechanical tests, Cem. Concr. Res., 149(2021), art. No. 106578. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106578
[41]	J.D. Ríos, H. Cifuentes, C. Leiva, and S. Seitl, Analysis of the mechanical and fracture behavior of heated ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete by X-ray computed tomography, Cem. Concr. Res., 119(2019), p. 77. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.02.015
[42]	H.Y. Lyu, Y.L. Chen, H. Pu, et al., Dynamic properties and fragmentation mechanism of cemented tailings backfill with various particle size distributions of aggregates, Constr. Build. Mater., 366(2023), art. No. 130084. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130084
[43]	X.P. Song, Y.X. Hao, S. Wang, et al., Dynamic mechanical response and damage evolution of cemented tailings backfill with alkalized rice straw under SHPB cycle impact load, Constr. Build. Mater., 327(2022), art. No. 127009. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127009
[44]	D. Zheng, W.D. Song, S. Cao, and J.J. Li, Dynamical mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics of cemented tailings backfill considering coupled strain rates and confining pressures effects, Constr. Build. Mater., 320(2022), art. No. 126321. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126321
[45]	B.X. Yan, H.W. Jia, Z. Yang, E. Yilmaz, and H.L. Liu, Goaf instability in an open pit iron mine triggered by dynamics disturbance: A large-scale similar simulation, Int. J. Min. Reclam. Environ., 37(2023), No. 8, p. 606. doi: 10.1080/17480930.2023.2233866
[46]	M. Chen, Z.G. Chen, Y.W. Xuan, T. Zhang, and M.Z. Zhang, Static and dynamic compressive behaviour of 3D printed auxetic lattice reinforced ultra-high performance concrete, Cem. Concr. Compos., 139(2023), art. No. 105046. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.105046
[47]	Y.X. Mo, J.C. Xing, S.L. Yue, Y.M. Zhang, Q.Z. Zhou, and X. Liu, Dynamic properties of 3D printed cement mortar based on Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar testing, Cem. Concr. Compos., 130(2022), art. No. 104520. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104520
[48]	B. Liu, Y.T. Gao, A.B. Jin, and X. Wang, Dynamic characteristics of superfine tailings–blast furnace slag backfill featuring filling surface, Constr. Build. Mater., 242(2020), art. No. 118173. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118173
[49]	H. Zhang, S. Cao, and E. Yilmaz, Carbon nanotube reinforced cementitious tailings composites: Links to mechanical and microstructural characteristics. Constr. Build. Mater., 365(2023), art. No.130123. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130123
[50]	B.F. Zhang, Y. Feng, J.H. Xie, et al., Effects of fibres on ultra-lightweight high strength concrete: Dynamic behaviour and microstructures, Cem. Concr. Compos., 128(2022), art. No. 104417. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104417
[51]	X.F. Wang, Z.P. Chen, J. Ren, S.C. Chen, and F. Xing, Object status identification of X-ray CT images of microcapsule-based self-healing mortar, Cem. Concr. Compos., 125(2022), art. No. 104294. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104294
[52]	J.S. Kim, S.Y. Chung, T.S. Han, D. Stephan, and M.A. Elrahman, Correlation between microstructural characteristics from micro-CT of foamed concrete and mechanical behaviors evaluated by experiments and simulations, Cem. Concr. Compos., 112(2020), art. No. 103657. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103657
[53]	J.Y. Wu, H.S Wong, Q. Yin, and D. Ma, Effects of aggregate strength and mass fraction on mesoscopic fracture characteristics of cemented rockfill from gangue as recycled aggregate, Compos. Struct., 311(2023), art. No. 116851. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116851
[54]	A.A. Wang, S. Cao, and E. Yilmaz, Quantitative analysis of pore characteristics of nanocellulose reinforced cementitious tailings fills using 3D reconstruction of CT images, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 26(2023), p. 1428. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.08.004
[55]	M.K. Mohan, A.V. Rahul, J.F. Van Stappen, V. Cnudde, G. De Schutter, and K. Van Tittelboom, Assessment of pore structure characteristics and tortuosity of 3D printed concrete using mercury intrusion porosimetry and X-ray tomography, Cem. Concr. Compos., 140(2023), art. No. 105104. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.105104
[56]	F. Zheng, S.X. Hong, D.S. Hou, B.Q. Dong, Z. Kong, and R.R. Jiang, Rapid visualization and quantification of water penetration into cement paste through cracks with X-ray imaging, Cem. Concr. Compos., 125(2022), art. No. 104293. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104293
[57]	S.J. Chen, A.B. Jin, Y.Q. Zhao, and J. Wang, Formation mechanism and deformation characteristics of stratified cemented tailings backfill under noncontinuous filling system, Constr. Build. Mater., 389(2023), art. No. 131623. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131623
[58]	Z.J. Yang, A. Qsymah, Y.Z. Peng, L. Margetts, and R. Sharma, 4D characterisation of damage and fracture mechanisms of ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete by in situ micro X-Ray computed tomography tests, Cem. Concr. Compos., 106(2020), art. No. 103473. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103473
[59]	S.M. Chen, E. Yilmaz, Z.G. Xiang, and Y.M. Wang, Curing conditions effect on pore structure, compressive strength and elastic modulus of cementitious tailings backfills, Powder Technol., 422(2023), art. No. 118458. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118458
[60]	H.Q. Zhang, S. Wang, K. Zhang, et al., 3D printing of continuous carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites with optimised structural topology and fibre orientation, Compos. Struct., 313(2023), art. No. 116914. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116914
[61]	H. Zhang, S. Cao, and E. Yilmaz, Influence of 3D-printed polymer structures on dynamic splitting and crack propagation behavior of cementitious tailings backfill, Constr. Build. Mater., 343(2022), art. No. 128137. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128137
[62]	G.R. Feng, W.H. Liu, X.J. Du, J.W. Wang, X.L. Li, and Y.X. Zheng, Crack evolution characteristics of cemented-gangue–fly-ash backfill with different proportions of fly ash and cement, Constr. Build. Mater., 385(2023), art. No. 131498. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131498
[63]	Y. Wang, Y.G. Xiao, Z.Q. Hou, C.H. Li, and X.M. Wei, In situ X-ray computed tomography (CT) investigation of crack damage evolution for cemented paste backfill with marble waste block admixture under uniaxial deformation, Arab. J. Geosci., 13(2020), No. 19, art. No. 1018. doi: 10.1007/s12517-020-06003-4
[64]	A.A. Wang, S. Cao, and E. Yilmaz, Effect of height to diameter ratio on dynamic characteristics of cemented tailings backfills with fiber reinforcement through impact loading, Constr. Build. Mater., 322(2022), art. No. 126448. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126448
[65]	G.L. Xue, E. Yilmaz, and G.R. Feng, S. Cao, Bending behavior and failure mode of cemented tailings backfill composites incorporating different fibers for sustainable construction, Constr. Build. Mater., 289(2021), art. No. 123163. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123163
[66]	Y.Q. Hou, Yin S., X. Chen, M.Z. Zhang, H.H. Du, and C. Gao, Mechanical behavior, failure pattern and damage evolution of fiber-reinforced cemented sulfur tailings backfill under uniaxial loading, Constr. Build. Mater., 332(2022), art. No. 127248. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127248
[67]	S. Brisard, M. Serdar, and P.J.M. Monteiro, Multiscale X-ray tomography of cementitious materials: A review, Cem. Concr. Res., 128(2020), art. No. 105824. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105824
[68]	K. Zhao, Y.M. Lai, Z.W. He, et al., Study on energy dissipation and acoustic emission characteristics of fiber tailings cemented backfill with different ash-sand ratios, Process. Saf. Environ. Prot., 174(2023), p. 983. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2023.04.038
[69]	Y.B. Yang, X.P. Lai, Y. Zhang, et al., Strength deterioration and energy dissipation characteristics of cemented backfill with different gangue particle size distributions, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 25(2023), p. 5122. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.06.279
[70]	W. He, L. Liu, Z.Y. Fang, Y.H. Gao, and W.J. Sun, Effect of polypropylene fiber on properties of modified magnesium-coal-based solid waste backfill materials, Constr. Build. Mater., 362(2023), art. No. 129695. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129695
[71]	D. Zheng, W.D. Song, S. Cao, J.J. Li, and L.J. Sun, Investigation on dynamical mechanics, energy dissipation, and microstructural characteristics of cemented tailings backfill under SHPB tests, Minerals, 11(2021), No. 5, art. No. 542. doi: 10.3390/min11050542
[72]	Z.Y. Zhao, S. Cao, and E. Yilmaz, Polypropylene fiber effect on flexural strength, toughness, deflection, failure mode and microanalysis of cementitious backfills under three-point bending conditions, Minerals, 13(2023), No. 9, art. No. 1135. doi: 10.3390/min13091135
[73]	Y. Zhou, S.Z. Zou, J.M. Wen, and Y.S. Zhang, Study on the damage behavior and energy dissipation characteristics of basalt fiber concrete using SHPB device, Constr. Build. Mater., 368(2023), art. No. 130413. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130413
[74]	R. Lorenzoni, I. Curosu, F. Léonard, et al., Combined mechanical and 3D-microstructural analysis of strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) by in situ X-ray microtomography, Cem. Concr. Res., 136(2020), art. No. 106139. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106139
[75]	J.J. Li, S. Cao, E. Yilmaz, and Y.P. Liu, Compressive fatigue behavior and failure evolution of additive fiber-reinforced cemented tailings composites, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 2, p. 345. doi: 10.1007/s12613-021-2351-x
[76]	S.G. Chen, H.M. Zhang, L. Wang, et al., Experimental study on the impact disturbance damage of weakly cemented rock based on fractal characteristics and energy dissipation regulation, Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., 122(2022), art. No. 103665. doi: 10.1016/j.tafmec.2022.103665
[77]	G.L. Xue, E. Yilmaz, G.R. Feng, S. Cao, and L.J. Sun, Reinforcement effect of polypropylene fiber on dynamic properties of cemented tailings backfill under SHPB impact loading, Constr. Build. Mater., 279(2021), art. No. 122417. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122417
[78]	J.J. Li, S. Cao, and E. Yilmaz, Analyzing the microstructure of cemented fills adding polypropylene-glass fibers with X-ray micro-computed tomography, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 27(2023), p. 2627. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.10.104