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Leyi Zhang, Hongyu Jin, Hanxin Liao, Rao Zhang, Bochong Wang, Jianyong Xiang, Congpu Mu, Kun Zhai, Tianyu Xue, and Fusheng Wen, Ultra-broadband microwave absorber and high-performance pressure sensor based on aramid nanofiber, polypyrrole and nickel porous aerogel, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 8, pp.1912-1921. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2820-5
Leyi Zhang, Hongyu Jin, Hanxin Liao, Rao Zhang, Bochong Wang, Jianyong Xiang, Congpu Mu, Kun Zhai, Tianyu Xue, and Fusheng Wen, Ultra-broadband microwave absorber and high-performance pressure sensor based on aramid nanofiber, polypyrrole and nickel porous aerogel, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 8, pp.1912-1921. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2820-5
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基于芳纶纳米纤维、聚吡咯和镍金属多孔气凝胶的超吸收带宽微波吸收体和高性能压力传感器

摘要: 随着电子设备的小型化和多功能化,微波吸收材料和可穿戴传感器的应用越来越广泛。芳纶纳米纤维基气凝胶由于在多个领域具有潜在的应用,从而被公认为柔性电子器件领域的有利候选者。本文旨在开发具有微波吸收性能、应力传感和隔热性能于一体的芳纶纳米纤维基气凝胶。本文通过氧化聚合和冷冻干燥技术制备了芳纶纳米纤维与聚吡咯质量比为1:5(AP15)的气凝胶,随后利用热蒸发在AP15气凝胶表面沉积磁性镍颗粒。由于气凝胶具有多孔结构,所以镍修饰的AP15气凝胶(APN)的密度仅为9.35 mg·cm−3。镍金属的引入不仅可以提高气凝胶对电磁波的磁损耗而且还可以实现阻抗匹配,从而增强气凝胶的微波吸收性能。APN气凝胶在厚度为2.9 mm时对电磁波可以实现−48.7 dB的最小反射损耗和8.42 GHz的超宽有效吸收带宽。优异的微波吸收性能来源于气凝胶的三维网状结构和阻抗匹配的协同作用。同时,由于芳纶纳米纤维作为骨架和三维网状结构的存在使APN气凝胶具有优异的压缩弹性、阻燃性和热绝缘性。APN气凝胶在最大应变为50%的500次循环后仍可以恢复到初始状态。作为压力传感器,APN气凝胶压力灵敏度可以达到10.78 kPa−1。总之,APN气凝胶具有优异的微波吸收性能和压力传感性能。

 

Ultra-broadband microwave absorber and high-performance pressure sensor based on aramid nanofiber, polypyrrole and nickel porous aerogel

Abstract: Electronic devices have become ubiquitous in our daily lives, leading to a surge in the use of microwave absorbers and wearable sensor devices across various sectors. A prime example of this trend is the aramid nanofibers/polypyrrole/nickel (APN) aerogels, which serve dual roles as both microwave absorbers and pressure sensors. In this work, we focused on the preparation of aramid nanofibers/polypyrrole (AP15) aerogels, where the mass ratio of aramid nanofibers to pyrrole was 1:5. We employed the oxidative polymerization method for the preparation process. Following this, nickel was thermally evaporated onto the surface of the AP15 aerogels, resulting in the creation of an ultralight (9.35 mg·cm−3). This aerogel exhibited a porous structure. The introduction of nickel into the aerogel aimed to enhance magnetic loss and adjust impedance matching, thereby improving electromagnetic wave absorption performance. The minimum reflection loss value achieved was −48.7 dB, and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth spanned 8.42 GHz with a thickness of 2.9 mm. These impressive metrics can be attributed to the three-dimensional network porous structure of the aerogel and perfect impedance matching. Moreover, the use of aramid nanofibers and a three-dimensional hole structure endowed the APN aerogels with good insulation, flame-retardant properties, and compression resilience. Even under a compression strain of 50%, the aerogel maintained its resilience over 500 cycles. The incorporation of polypyrrole and nickel particles further enhanced the conductivity of the aerogel. Consequently, the final APN aerogel sensor demonstrated high sensitivity (10.78 kPa−1) and thermal stability. In conclusion, the APN aerogels hold significant promise as ultra-broadband microwave absorbers and pressure sensors.

 

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