引入Zr、Ti、Nb和Ce元素对高压压铸Al–Si合金压室预结晶和力学性能的影响能

李俊杰; 于文波; 孙振宇; 郑伟辰; 张良威; 薛艳玲; 刘文宁; 熊守美

doi:10.1007/s12613-024-2882-z

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文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2025 > 32(1): 147-153

Junjie Li, Wenbo Yu, Zhenyu Sun, Weichen Zheng, Liangwei Zhang, Yanling Xue, Wenning Liu, and Shoumei Xiong, Influence of introducing Zr, Ti, Nb and Ce elements on externally solidified crystals and mechanical properties of high-pressure die-casting Al–Si alloy, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 32(2025), No. 1, pp. 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2882-z

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Junjie Li, Wenbo Yu, Zhenyu Sun, Weichen Zheng, Liangwei Zhang, Yanling Xue, Wenning Liu, and Shoumei Xiong, Influence of introducing Zr, Ti, Nb and Ce elements on externally solidified crystals and mechanical properties of high-pressure die-casting Al–Si alloy, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 32(2025), No. 1, pp. 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2882-z

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研究论文

引入Zr、Ti、Nb和Ce元素对高压压铸Al–Si合金压室预结晶和力学性能的影响能

1)
北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院, 材料科学与工程中心, 北京 100044, 中国
2)
中南大学交通与运输工程学院, 长沙 410075, 中国
3)
中国科学院上海高等研究院上海光源同步辐射中心, 上海 201204, 中国
4)
清华大学材料科学与工程学院, 北京 100084, 中国

通讯作者:
于文波 E-mail: wbyu@bjtu.edu.cn

熊守美 E-mail: smxiong@tsinghua.edu.cn

文章亮点

(1) 系统地研究了Ti、Nb 和 Ce含量对Al–Si合金微观组织的影响机理。

(2) 结合三维重构研究了引入不同元素后孔洞的变化对铸件力学性能的影响结果。

(3) 使用热力学模拟探讨了引入不同元素后不同物相的变化规律以及对铸件力学性能的影响结果。

中文摘要

随着高压压铸 (HPDC) 技术的发展，压铸模具越来越大型化、集成化和复杂化。壁厚不均的大型铸件热处理过程中易发生变形甚至撕裂，因此免热处理铝合金的开发成为研究热点。Al–Si合金由于其超强的流动性能满足大型复杂铸件的充型，已被广泛应用于HPDC铸件中。其中高压压铸AlSi10MnMg 合金铸件广泛应用于汽车行业，在Al合金中加入Mg后可以通过热处理提高铸件的力学性能，但铸件中热应力的释放会引起大型整体压铸件的变形。此外，HPDC铸件含有大尺寸的压室预结晶 (ESCs)，这对铸件的力学性能有害。为开发新型免热处理合金，去除了AlSi10MnMg合金中的Mg元素，并引入晶粒细化剂和变质剂改善微观组织，从而提升力学性能。通过引入不同合金元素，探究了微量合金元素、微观组织形态及力学性能间的联系。实验表明，Ti元素的增加导致ESCs的平均尺寸和孔隙率增加，铸件的强度和延展率降低；而加入Nb元素可细化ESCs并降低孔隙率，但与此同时，大尺寸Al₃(Zr,Ti) 相的形成降低了力学性能；最后Ce元素的引入则导致铸件出现细化中毒效应，ESCs 的平均尺寸和孔隙率大量增加，力学性能最差。

关键词:

Research Article

Influence of introducing Zr, Ti, Nb and Ce elements on externally solidified crystals and mechanical properties of high-pressure die-casting Al–Si alloy

+ Author Affiliations

1)
Center of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Electronic Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
2)
Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
3)
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
4)
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Corresponding authors:
Wenbo Yu E-mail: wbyu@bjtu.edu.cn

Shoumei Xiong E-mail: smxiong@tsinghua.edu.cn
Received: 1 December 2023; Revised: 12 March 2024; Accepted: 13 March 2024; Available online: 15 March 2024

Abstract

Abstract

High pressure die casting (HPDC) AlSi10MnMg alloy castings are widely used in the automobile industry. Mg can optimize the mechanical properties of castings through heat treatment, while the release of thermal stress arouses the deformation of large integrated die-castings. Herein, the development of non-heat treatment Al alloys is becoming the hot topic. In addition, HPDC contains externally solidified crystals (ESCs), which are detrimental to the mechanical properties of castings. To achieve high strength and toughness of non-heat treatment die-casting Al–Si alloy, we used AlSi9Mn alloy as matrix with the introduction of Zr, Ti, Nb, and Ce. Their influences on ESCs and mechanical properties were systematically investigated through three-dimensional reconstruction and thermodynamic simulation. Our results reveal that the addition of Ti increased ESCs’ size and porosity, while the introduction of Nb refined ESCs and decreased porosity. Meanwhile, large-sized Al₃(Zr,Ti) phases formed and degraded the mechanical properties. Subsequent introduction of Ce resulted in the poisoning effect and reduced mechanical properties.
- aluminium alloy;
- high-pressure die-casting;
- externally solidified crystals;
- non-heat treatment

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