After preparing the EU³⁺-doped scheelite nano-material by Pechini method with the nanoparticles of 30-50 nm in diameter, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to show a microcosmic description of the particle morphology and crystal structure. The spectrum signature of the nano-scheelite, which was taken by fluorescence spectrometer, was used to discuss the difference of luminescent performance between the nano-scheelite and bulk scheelite. The atomic site of the nano-scheelite was intuitively shown through HRTEM images and HRTEM simulated images from the relation between luminescent properties and crystal structure, which was analyzed by spectrum probe. The results of antitumor activity examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method show that the inhibition of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL60) is enhanced immediately with increasing the concentration and presents a reliance on the quantity. The results of fluorescence spectra and structure show that the antitumor activity has something to do with micro-structure and surface charge.