Tempering stability of Fe-Cr-Mo-W-V hot forging die steels

Yuan-ji Shi; Xiao-chun Wu; Jun-wan Li; Na Min

doi:10.1007/s12613-017-1505-3

Volume 24 Issue 10

Oct. 2017

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Article Navigation > International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2017 > 24(10): 1145-1157

Yuan-ji Shi, Xiao-chun Wu, Jun-wan Li, and Na Min, Tempering stability of Fe-Cr-Mo-W-V hot forging die steels, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 24(2017), No. 10, pp. 1145-1157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-017-1505-3

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Yuan-ji Shi, Xiao-chun Wu, Jun-wan Li, and Na Min, Tempering stability of Fe-Cr-Mo-W-V hot forging die steels, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 24(2017), No. 10, pp. 1145-1157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-017-1505-3

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Research Article

Tempering stability of Fe-Cr-Mo-W-V hot forging die steels

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Corresponding author:
Yuan-ji Shi E-mail: syuanj@163.com
Received: 21 January 2017; Revised: 25 April 2017; Accepted: 27 April 2017

Abstract

Abstract

The tempering stability of three Fe-Cr-Mo-W-V hot forging die steels (DM, H21, and H13) was investigated through hardness measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. Both dilatometer tests and TEM observations revealed that DM steel has a higher tempering stability than H21 and H13 steels because of its substantial amount of M₂C (M represents metallic element) carbide precipitations. The activation energies of the M₂C carbide precipitation processes in DM, H21, and H13 steels are 236.4, 212.0, and 228.9 kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicated that vanadium atoms both increase the activation energy and affect the evolution of M₂C carbides, resulting in gradual dissolution rather than over-aging during tempering.
- tempering stability;
- hot forging;
- die steels;
- carbide precipitation

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