Multi-index analysis of the melting process of laterite metallized pellet

Yun Wang; Rong Zhu; Kai-lu Tu; Guang-sheng Wei; Shao-yan Hu; Hong Li

doi:10.1007/s12613-018-1696-2

Volume 25 Issue 12

Dec. 2018

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2018 > 25(12): 1423-1430

Yun Wang, Rong Zhu, Kai-lu Tu, Guang-sheng Wei, Shao-yan Hu, and Hong Li, Multi-index analysis of the melting process of laterite metallized pellet, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 25(2018), No. 12, pp. 1423-1430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-018-1696-2

Cite this article as:

Yun Wang, Rong Zhu, Kai-lu Tu, Guang-sheng Wei, Shao-yan Hu, and Hong Li, Multi-index analysis of the melting process of laterite metallized pellet, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 25(2018), No. 12, pp. 1423-1430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-018-1696-2

Citation:

PDF( 504 KB)

Research Article

Multi-index analysis of the melting process of laterite metallized pellet

+ Author Affiliations

Corresponding author:
Rong Zhu E-mail: zhurongwy123@163.com
Received: 4 August 2018; Revised: 26 September 2018; Accepted: 8 October 2018

Abstract

Abstract

Herein, a multi-index analysis of the nickel content of an alloy, output rate of the alloy, nickel recovery rate, and iron recovery rate during the melting of laterite metallized pellets was performed. The thermodynamic reduction behavior of oxides such as NiO, FeO, Fe₃O₄, and Cr₂O₃ was studied using the FactSage software, which revealed that SiO₂ is not conducive to the reduction of iron oxides, whereas the addition of basic oxides such as CaO and MgO is beneficial for the reduction of iron oxides. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis to achieve greater nickel recovery and lower iron recovery rates, the optimum experimental parameters in the orthogonal experiment were A3B1C3 (t=30 min, C/O=0.4, R=1.2); the indicators w_Ni, φ_alloy, η_Ni, and η_Fe had values of 15.0wt%, 12.1%, 44.9%, and 96.4%, respectively. In single-factor experiments, increasing basicity (R) substantially improved the separation effect in the low-basicity range 0.5 ≤ R ≤ 0.8 but not in the high-basicity range 0.8 ≤ R ≤ 1.2. Similar results were obtained for the effect of the C/O ratio. Moreover, the recovery rate of nickel increased with increasing recovery rate of iron.
- melting and separation;
- laterite metallized pellet;
- multi-index analysis;
- basicity;
- carbon-to-oxygen ratio

FullText(HTML)

Supplements(0)

References(28)

References

[1]	J.H. Li, Y.Y. Li, S. Zheng, D.L. Xiong, H. Chen, and Y.F. Zhang, Research review of laterite nickel ore metallurgy, Nonferrous Met. Sci. Eng., 2(2015), No. 1, p. 35.
[2]	A. Ilyas and K. Koike, Geostatistical modeling of ore grade distribution from geomorphic characterization in a laterite nickel deposit, Nat. Resour. Res., 21(2012), No. 2, p. 177.
[3]	J.H. Li, W. Cheng, and Z.H. Xiao, Review on progress technologies of laterite-nickel ore, Hydrometall. China, 23(2004), No. 4, p. 191.
[4]	R. Thorne, S. Roberts, and R. Herrington, The formation and evolution of the Bitincke nickel laterite deposit, Albania, Miner. Deposita, 47(2012), No. 8, p. 933.
[5]	W. Liang, H. Wang, J.G. Fu, and Z.X. He, High recovery of ferro-nickel from low grade nickel laterite ore, J. Cent. South Univ. (Sci. Technol.), 42(2011), No. 8, p. 2173.
[6]	D.Q. Zhu, Y. Cui, S. Hapugoda, K. Vining, and J. Pan, Mineralogy and crystal chemistry of a low grade nickel laterite ore, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 22(2012), No. 4, p. 907.
[7]	Z.C. Cao, T.C. Sun, H.F. Yang, J.J. Wang, and X.D. Wu, Recovery of iron and nickel from nickel laterite ore by direct reduction roasting and magnetic separation, J. Univ. Sci. Technol. Beijing, 32(2010), No. 6, p. 708.
[8]	Z.H. Liu, X.B. Ma, D.Q. Zhu, Y.H. Li, and Q.H. Li, Preparation of ferronickel from laterite ore in reduction smelting process, J. Cent. South Univ. (Sci. Technol.), 42(2011), No. 10, p. 2905.
[9]	D.Q. Zhu, Y. Cui, K. Vining, S. Hapugoda, J. Douglas, J. Pan, and G.L. Zheng, Upgrading low nickel content laterite ores using selective reduction followed by magnetic separation, Int. J. Miner. Process., 106(2012), p. 1.
[10]	Z.H. Liu, H.L. Yang, Q.H. Li, D.Q. Zhu, and X.B. Ma, Study on the process of extraction ferronickel from laterite by electric smelting, Nonferrous Met. (Extr. Metall.), 2010, No. 2, p. 2.
[11]	Y.Q. Chen, H.L. Zhao, and C.Y. Wang, Two-stage reduction for the preparation of ferronickel alloy from nickel laterite ore with low Co and high MgO contents, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 24(2017), No. 5, p. 512.
[12]	T. Utigard and R.A. Bergman. Gaseous reduction of laterite ores, Metall. Trans. B, 24(1993), No. 2, p. 271.
[13]	E.N. Zevgolis, C. Zografidis, T. Perraki, and E. Devlin, Phase transformations of nickeliferous laterites during preheating and reduction with carbon monoxide, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 100(2010), No. 1, p. 133.
[14]	T.C. Sun, Y.N. Ji, and M. Jiang, Influence mechanism of different types of coal on selective nickle reduction in nickel laterite reduction roasting, J. Univ. Sci. Technol. Beijing, 33(2011), No. 10, p. 1197.
[15]	L.W. Wang, X.M. Lü, M. Liu, Z.X. You, X.W. Lü, and C.G. Bai, Preparation of ferronickel from nickel laterite via coal-based reduction followed by magnetic separation, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 25(2018), No. 7, p. 744.
[16]	Y.G. Guo, R. Zhu, M. Lü, M.W. Guo, Y.W. Wang, and C.F. Zhou, Extraction of a nickel-iron alloy from nickel laterite ore through selective reduction and smelting process. J. Univ. Sci. Technol. Beijing, 36(2014), No. 5, p. 584.
[17]	M. Liu, X.W. Lv, E.G. Guo, P. Chen, and Q.G. Yuan, Novel process of ferronickel nugget production from nickel laterite by semi-molten state reduction, ISIJ Int., 54(2014), No. 8, p. 1749.
[18]	R. Mao, J.L. Zhang, Z.J. Liu, X.N. Xu, and X. Yuan, Research on softening-melting properties and reduction process of laterite-nickel ore, Min. Metall. Eng., 33(2013), No. 6, p. 57.
[19]	N.S. Srinivasan and A.K. Lahiri, On the mechanism of iron oxide reduction by carbon, Metall. Trans. B, 6(1975), No. 2, p. 269.
[20]	K. Sun and W.K. Lu, Mathematical modeling of the kinetics of carbothermic reduction of iron oxides in ore-coal composite pellets, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 40(2009), No. 1, p. 91.
[21]	H.M. Henao and K. Itagaki, Activity and activity coefficient of iron oxides in the liquid FeO-Fe₂O₃-CaO-SiO₂ slag systems at intermediate oxygen partial pressures, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 38(2007), No. 5, p. 769.
[22]	Z.W. Wu, C. Chen, Y.H. Feng, and X. Hong, Iron recovery from copper slag through oxidation-reduction magnetic concentration at intermediate temperature,[in] Characterization of Minerals Metals & Materials 2015, Orlando, 2015, p. 509.
[23]	M.M. Zhang and M.W. Andrade, Effect of MgO and basicity on microstructure and metallurgical properties of iron ore sinter,[in] Characterization of Minerals Metals & Materials 2016, Nashville, 2016. p. 167.
[24]	Z.Q. Guo, J. Pan, D.Q. Zhu, and F. Zhang, Co-reduction of copper smelting slag and nickel laterite to prepare Fe-Ni-Cu alloy for weathering steel, JOM, 70(2017), No. 2, p. 150.
[25]	L.J. Swartzendruber, V.P. Itkin, and C.B. Alcock, The Fe-Ni (iron-nickel) system, J. Phase Equilib., 12(1991), No. 3, p. 288.
[26]	P. Wu, G. Eriksson, A.D. Pelton, and M. Blander, Prediction of the thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of silicate systems-evaluation of the FeO-MgO-SiO₂ system, ISIJ Int., 33(1993), No. 1, p. 26.
[27]	K.I. Ohno, M. Kaimoto, T. Maeda, K. Nishioka, and M. Shimizu, Effect of slag melting behavior on metal-slag separation temperature in powdery iron, slag and carbon mixture, ISIJ Int., 51(2011) No. 8, p. 1279.
[28]	Y. Sun, H.Y. Zheng, Y. Dong, X. Jiang, Y.S. Shen, and F.M. Shen, Melting and separation behavior of slag and metal phases in metallized pellets obtained from the direct-reduction process of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite, Int. J. Miner. Process., 142(2015), p. 119.