Fabrication and characterization of Cu-Zn-Sn shape memory alloys via an electrodeposition-annealing route

Richard Espiritu; Alberto Amorsolo Jr.

doi:10.1007/s12613-019-1886-6

Volume 26 Issue 11

Nov. 2019

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Article Navigation > International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2019 > 26(11): 1436-1449

Richard Espiritu and Alberto Amorsolo Jr., Fabrication and characterization of Cu-Zn-Sn shape memory alloys via an electrodeposition-annealing route, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26(2019), No. 11, pp. 1436-1449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1886-6

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Richard Espiritu and Alberto Amorsolo Jr., Fabrication and characterization of Cu-Zn-Sn shape memory alloys via an electrodeposition-annealing route, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26(2019), No. 11, pp. 1436-1449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1886-6

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Research Article

Fabrication and characterization of Cu-Zn-Sn shape memory alloys via an electrodeposition-annealing route

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Corresponding author:
Richard Espiritu E-mail: richard.espiritu@coe.upd.edu.ph
Received: 26 November 2018; Revised: 24 June 2019; Accepted: 24 June 2019

Abstract

Abstract

Cu-Zn-Sn shape memory alloys (SMAs) with an average composition of 56.0at%, 36.1at%, and 7.9at% for Cu, Zn, and Sn, respectively, were successfully fabricated via an electrodeposition-annealing route. The produced SMAs were assessed for shape memory response in terms of percent displacement (martensite phase recovery) by subjecting the ternary alloys to flame tests and subsequently characterizing them via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The flame tests showed that the highest displacement was ca. 93%, with average austenite and martensitic start transformation temperature of 225℃ and 222℃, respectively. XRD analysis revealed that the intermetallic phases responsible for the observed shape memory properties have substitutional Zn in the lattice occupied by Cu and Sn, leading to the formation of Cu(Zn,Sn) and Cu₆(Zn,Sn)₅ variants. The formation of these variants was attributed to the faster interdiffusion of Cu into Sn, driven by an activation energy of 34.82 kJ·mol^-1. Five cycles of repeated torching-annealing revealed an essentially constant shape memory response, suggesting that the fabricated SMAs were consistent and sufficiently reliable for their intended service application.
- electrodeposition;
- annealing;
- intermetallics;
- martensitic transformation;
- shape memory alloy

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