Evolution of plasticized MnO–Al2O3–SiO2-based nonmetallic inclusion in 18wt%Cr‒8wt%Ni stainless steel and its properties during soaking process

Jing Guo; Xing-run Chen; Shao-wei Han; Yan Yan; Han-jie Guo

doi:10.1007/s12613-019-1945-z

Volume 27 Issue 3

Mar. 2020

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2020 > 27(3): 328-339

Jing Guo, Xing-run Chen, Shao-wei Han, Yan Yan, and Han-jie Guo, Evolution of plasticized MnO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂-based nonmetallic inclusion in 18wt%Cr‒8wt%Ni stainless steel and its properties during soaking process, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 27(2020), No. 3, pp. 328-339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1945-z

Cite this article as:

Jing Guo, Xing-run Chen, Shao-wei Han, Yan Yan, and Han-jie Guo, Evolution of plasticized MnO–Al2O3–SiO2-based nonmetallic inclusion in 18wt%Cr‒8wt%Ni stainless steel and its properties during soaking process, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 27(2020), No. 3, pp. 328-339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1945-z

Citation:

PDF( 2272 KB)

Research Article

Evolution of plasticized MnO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂-based nonmetallic inclusion in 18wt%Cr‒8wt%Ni stainless steel and its properties during soaking process

+ Author Affiliations

Corresponding author:
Jing Guo E-mail: guojing@ustb.edu.cn
Received: 17 October 2019; Revised: 5 December 2019; Accepted: 11 December 2019; Available online: 25 February 2020

Abstract

Abstract

The properties of MnO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂-based plasticized inclusion are likely to change during soaking process due to its low melting point. In this study, the evolution of the MnO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂-based inclusion of 18wt%Cr‒8wt%Ni stainless steel under isothermal soaking process at 1250°C for different times was investigated by laboratory-scale experiments and thermodynamic analysis. The results showed that the inclusion population density increased at the first stage and then decreased while their average size first decreased and then increased. In addition, almost no Cr₂O₃-concentrated regions existed within the inclusion before soaking, but more and more Cr₂O₃ precipitates were formed during soaking. Furthermore, the plasticity of the inclusion deteriorated due to a decrease in the amount of liquid phase and an increase in the high-melting-point-phase MnO–Cr₂O₃ spinel after the soaking process. In-situ observations by high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) confirmed that liquid phases were produced in the inclusions and the inclusions grew rather quickly during the soaking process. Both the experimental results and thermodynamic analysis conclude that there are three routes for inclusion evolution during the soaking process. In particular, Ostwald ripening plays an important role in the inclusion evolution, i.e., MnO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂-based inclusions grow by absorbing the newly precipitated smaller-size MnO–Cr₂O₃ inclusions.
- nonmetallic inclusion;
- soaking process;
- Ostwald ripening;
- stainless steel

FullText(HTML)

Supplements(0)

References(24)

References

[1]	J.H. Park and H. Todroki, Control of MgAl₂O₄ spinel inclusions in stainless steels, ISIJ Int., 50(2010), No. 10, p. 1333. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.50.1333
[2]	J.H. Park and Y. Kang, Inclusions in stainless steels—A review, Steel Res. Int., 88(2017), No. 12, art. No. 1700130.
[3]	H. Suito and R. Inoue, Thermodynamics on control of inclusions composition in ultra-clean steels, ISIJ Int., 36(1996), No. 5, p. 528. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.36.528
[4]	Z.L. Xue, Z.B. Li, J.W. Zhang, W. Yang, C.F. Gan, and Y. Wang, Theory and practice of oxide inclusion composition and morphology control in spring steel production, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 10(2003), No. 2, p. 38.
[5]	L.F. Zhang and B.G. Thomas, State of the art in evaluation and control of steel cleanliness, ISIJ Int., 43(2003), No. 3, p. 271. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.43.271
[6]	G. Benard, P.V. Ribound, and G. Urbain, Oxide inclusions plasticity, Rev. Met. Paris, 78(1981), No. 5, p. 421. doi: 10.1051/metal/198178050421
[7]	Y.B. Kang and H.G. Lee, Inclusions chemistry for Mn/Si deoxidized steels: thermodynamic predictions and experimental confirmations, ISIJ Int., 44(2004), No. 6, p. 1006. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.44.1006
[8]	Y. Ren, L.F. Zhang, W. Fang, S.J. Shao, J. Yang, and W.D. Mao, Effect of slag composition on inclusions in Si-deoxidized 18Cr–8Ni stainless steels, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 47(2016), No. 2, p. 1024. doi: 10.1007/s11663-015-0554-0
[9]	C. Gu, Y.P. Bao, P. Gan, M. Wang, and J.S. He, Effect of main inclusions on crack initiation in bearing steel in the very high cycle fatigue regime, Int. J. Miner,Metall. Mater., 25(2018), No. 6, p. 623. doi: 10.1007/s12613-018-1609-4
[10]	Q.K. Yang, P. Shen, D. Zhang, Y.X. Wu, and J.X. Fu, Analysis on composition and inclusions of ballpoint pen tip steel, Int. J. Miner,Metall. Mater, 25(2018), No. 4, p. 420. doi: 10.1007/s12613-018-1587-6
[11]	K. Takano, R. Nakao, S. Fukumoto, T. Tsuchiyama, and S. Takaki, Grain size control by oxide dispersion in austenitic stainless steel, Tetsu-to-Hagane, 89(2003), No. 5, p. 616. doi: 10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.5_616
[12]	H. Shibata, T. Tanaka, K. Kimura, and S.Y. Kitamura, Composition change in oxide inclusions of stainless steel by heat treatment, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 37(2010), No. 7, p. 522. doi: 10.1179/030192310X12700328925903
[13]	H. Shibata. K. Kimura. T. Tanaka, and S. Kitamura, Mechanism of change in chemical composition of oxide inclusions in Fe–Cr Alloys deoxidized with Mn and Si by heat treatment at 1473 K, ISIJ Int., 51(2011), No. 12, p. 1944. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.51.1944
[14]	T. Taniguchi, N. Satoh, Y. Saito, K. Kubota, A. Kumagai, Y. Tamura, and T. Miki, Investigation of compositional change of inclusions in martensitic stainless steel during heat treatment by newly developed analysis method, ISIJ Int., 51(2011), No. 12, p. 1957. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.51.1957
[15]	Y. Ren, L.F. Zhang, and P.C. Pistorius, Transformation of oxide inclusions in type 304 stainless steels during heat treatment, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 48(2017), No. 5, p. 2281. doi: 10.1007/s11663-017-1007-8
[16]	J.J. Wang, W.F. Li, Y. Ren, and L.F. Zhang, Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis for transformation of oxide inclusions in solid 304 stainless steels, Steel Res. Int., 90(2019), No. 7, art. No. 1800600.
[17]	X.F. Bai, Y.H. Sun, R.M. Chen, Y.M. Zhang, and Y.F. Cai, Formation and thermodynamics of CaS-bearing inclusions during Ca treatment in oil casting steels, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26(2019), No. 5, p. 573. doi: 10.1007/s12613-019-1766-0
[18]	C.S. Liu, S.F. Yang, K.H. Kim, J.S. Li, H. Shibata, and S.Y. Kitamura, Influence of FeO and sulfur on solid state reaction between MnO−SiO₂−FeO oxides and an Fe−Mn−Si solid alloy during heat treatment at 1473 K, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 22(2015), No. 8, p. 811. doi: 10.1007/s12613-015-1138-3
[19]	Y.P. Chu, W.F. Li, Y. Ren, and L.F. Zhang, Transformation of inclusions in linepipe steels during heat treatment, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 50(2019), No. 4, p. 2047. doi: 10.1007/s11663-019-01593-1
[20]	X.X. Luo, H.T. Zhang, X. Han, S.J. Guo, D.D. Chen, J.Z. Cui, and H. Nagaumi, Development of inclusions in 3104 alloy melt during heating and holding treatments, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 23(2016), No. 6, p. 637. doi: 10.1007/s12613-016-1276-2
[21]	Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science: The 19th Committee on Steelmaking ed., Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Tokyo, 1988.
[22]	H.J. Guo. Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy, 2nd, Metallurgical Industry Press, Beijing, 2006, p. 6.
[23]	I.H. Jung, S.A. Decterov, and A.D. Pelton, Computer applications of thermodynamic databases to inclusion engineering, ISIJ Int., 44(2004), No. 3, p. 527. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.44.527
[24]	I.M. Lifshitz and V.V. Slyozov, The kinetics of precipitation from supersaturated solid solutions, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 19(1961), No. 1-2, p. 35. doi: 10.1016/0022-3697(61)90054-3