Fabrication of phosphor bronze/Al two-phase material by recycling phosphor bronze chips using hot extrusion process and investigation of their microstructural and mechanical properties

Majid Hosseini; Mohammad Hossein Paydar

doi:10.1007/s12613-020-1980-9

Volume 27 Issue 6

Jun. 2020

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2020 > 27(6): 809-817

Majid Hosseiniand Mohammad Hossein Paydar, Fabrication of phosphor bronze/Al two-phase material by recycling phosphor bronze chips using hot extrusion process and investigation of their microstructural and mechanical properties, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 27(2020), No. 6, pp. 809-817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-1980-9

Cite this article as:

Majid Hosseiniand Mohammad Hossein Paydar, Fabrication of phosphor bronze/Al two-phase material by recycling phosphor bronze chips using hot extrusion process and investigation of their microstructural and mechanical properties, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 27(2020), No. 6, pp. 809-817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-1980-9

Citation:

PDF( 1052 KB)

Research Article

Fabrication of phosphor bronze/Al two-phase material by recycling phosphor bronze chips using hot extrusion process and investigation of their microstructural and mechanical properties

+ Author Affiliations

Corresponding author:
Mohammad Hossein Paydar E-mail: paaydar@shirazu.ac.ir
Received: 22 August 2019; Revised: 16 December 2019; Accepted: 27 December 2019; Available online: 8 January 2020

Abstract

Abstract

Despite the existence of conventional methods for recycling chips, solid-state techniques have become popular, whereby waste metals are directly recycled into consolidated products with the desired shapes and designs. We investigated the feasibility of recycling phosphor bronze chips through a hot extrusion process using aluminum powder as a metal binder for the fabrication of a metal-fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite. To do so, mixtures containing 20vol%–50vol% of chips were prepared, cold-compacted, and extruded. The quality of the consolidated samples was evaluated by determining the density of the fabricated composites and studying their microstructures. In addition, we performed tensile and hardness tests to evaluate the mechanical properties of the fabricated composites. We also analyzed the fracture surfaces of the samples to study the fracture mechanism as a function of the volume fraction of phosphor bronze chips in the fabricated composite. The results indicated that the most effective consolidation occurred in the sample containing 20vol% of chips extruded at 465°C in which the chips serve as ideal fibers for improving the mechanical properties, especially the ultimate tensile strength, in comparison with those of Al matrixes that contain no chips but are produced under the same conditions.
- recycling;
- hot extrusion;
- metal–metal composite;
- phosphor bronze chips;
- aluminum powder

FullText(HTML)

Supplements(0)

References(23)

References

[1]	B. Zhao, C.J. Zhu, X.F. Ma, W. Zhao, H.G. Tang, S.G. Cai, and Z.H. Qiao, High strength Ni based composite reinforced by solid solution W(Al) obtained by powder metallurgy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 456(2007), No. 1-2, p. 337. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.042
[2]	S.R. Shial, M. Masanta, and D. Chaira, Recycling of waste Ti machining chips by planetary milling: Generation of Ti powder and development of in situ TiC reinforced Ti–TiC composite powder mixture, Powder Technol., 329(2018), p. 232. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.01.080
[3]	J. Gronostajski, H. Marciniak, and A. Matuszak, New methods of aluminium and aluminium-alloy chips recycling, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 106(2000), No. 1-3, p. 34. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(00)00634-8
[4]	W. Chmura and Z. Gronostajski, Bearing composites made from aluminium and aluminium bronze chips, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 178(2006), No. 1-3, p. 188. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.156
[5]	J. Gronostajski, W. Chmura, and Z. Gronostajski, Bearing materials obtained by recycling of aluminium and aluminium bronze chips, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 125-126(2002), p. 483. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00326-6
[6]	Z. Sherafat, M.H. Paydar, and R. Ebrahimi, Fabrication of Al7075/Al, two phase material, by recycling Al7075 alloy chips using powder metallurgy route, J. Alloys Compd., 487(2009), No. 1-2, p. 395. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.07.146
[7]	L.H. Wen, Z.S. Ji, and X.L. Li, Effect of extrusion ratio on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloys prepared by a solid recycling process, Mater. Charact., 59(2008), No. 11, p. 1655. doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2008.03.009
[8]	J. Gronostajski and A. Matuszak, The recycling of metals by plastic deformation: An example of recycling of aluminium and its alloys chips, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 92-93(1999), p. 35. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(99)00166-1
[9]	V. Güley, N.B. Khalifa, and A.E. Tekkaya, Direct recycling of 1050 aluminum alloy scrap material mixed with 6060 aluminum alloy chips by hot extrusion, Int. J. Mater. Form., 3(2010), p. 853. doi: 10.1007/s12289-010-0904-z
[10]	J.B. Fogagnolo, E.M. Ruiz-Navas, M.A. Simòn, and M.A. Martinez, Recycling of aluminium alloy and aluminium matrix composite chips by pressing and hot extrusion, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 143-144(2003), p. 792. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00380-7
[11]	K. Shirvanimoghaddam, S.U. Hamim, M.K. Akbari, S.M. Fakhrhoseini, H. Khayyam, A.H. Pakseresht, E. Ghassali, M. Zabet, K.S. Munir, S.A. Jia, J.P. Davim, and M. Naebe, Carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composites: Fabrication processes and properties, Composites Part A, 92(2017), p. 70. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.10.032
[12]	Z. Yang, H.Y. Xu, Y. Wang, M.L. Hu, and Z.S. Ji, Microstructures and mechanical properties of SCF/AZ31B composites, fabricated by multi-times hot-extrusion, Results Phys., 12(2019), p. 888.
[13]	S. Ghanaraja, C.M. Ramanuja, K.S. Ravikumar, and B.M. Madhusudan, Study on mechanical properties of hot extruded Al(Mg)–TiO₂ composites, Am. J. Mater. Sci., 5(2015), No. 3C, p. 188. doi: 10.5923/c.materials.201502.36
[14]	D.C. Hu and M.H. Chen, Dynamic tensile properties and deformational mechanism of C5191 Phosphor Bronze, Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 46(2017), No. 6, p. 1518. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5372(17)30157-1
[15]	R.C. Alderliesten and R. Benedictus, Fiber/metal composite technology for future primary aircraft structures, J. Aircraft, 45(2008), No. 4, p. 1182. doi: 10.2514/1.33946
[16]	B.B. Wan, W.P. Chen, T.W. Lu, F.F. Liu, Z.F. Jiang, and M.D. Mao, Review of solid state recycling of aluminum chips, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 125(2017), p. 37. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.06.004
[17]	M.M. Castro, P.H.R. Pereira, A. Isaac, R.B. Figueiredo, and T.G. Langdon, Development of a magnesium–alumina composite through cold consolidation of machining chips by high-pressure torsion, J. Alloys Compd., 780(2019), p. 422. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.357
[18]	A.E. Tekkaya, M. Schikorra, D. Becker, D. Biermann, N. Hammer, and K. Pantke, Hot profile extrusion of AA-6060 aluminum chips, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 209(2009), No. 7, p. 3343. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.07.047
[19]	T. Peng, Q.D. Wang, Y.K. Han, J.K. Zheng, and W.Z. Guo, Consolidation behavior of Mg–10Gd–2Y–0.5Zr chips during solid-state recycling, J. Alloys Compd., 503(2010), No. 1, p. 253. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.05.011
[20]	M.L. Hu, Z.S. Ji, X.Y. Chen, Q.D. Wang, and W.J. Ding, Solid-state recycling of AZ91D magnesium alloy chips, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 22(2012), No. S1, p. s68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(12)61685-9
[21]	R. Guluzade, A. Avcı, M.T. Demirci, and Ö.F. Erkendirci, Fracture toughness of recycled AISI 1040 steel chip reinforced AlMg1SiCu aluminum chip composites, Mater. Des., 52(2013), p. 345. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.025
[22]	A. Rezaei and H.R.M. Hosseini, Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–5wt%Ti composite fabricated by P/M and hot extrusion: Effect of heat treatment, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 689(2017), p. 166. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2017.02.049
[23]	D. Xiao, Z.H. Chen, X. Wang, M.J. Zhang, and D. Chen, Microstructure, mechanical and creep properties of high Ca/Al ratio Mg–Al–Ca alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 660(2016), p. 166. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.03.001