| Cite this article as: |
Xingke Zhaoand Xusheng Hai, Microstructure and tribological behavior of the nickel-coated-graphite-reinforced Babbitt metal composite fabricated via selective laser melting, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 2, pp. 320-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2195-9
|
Xingke Zhao E-mail: xkzhao@ustb.edu.cn
To improve the properties of Babbitt alloys, Ni-coated-graphite-reinforced Babbitt metal composite specimens were prepared via selective laser melting (SLM), and the composites microstructures, mechanical properties, and tribological properties were studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), shear testing, and dry-sliding wear testing, respectively. The results showed that most of the nickel-coated graphite (NCGr) particles were distributed at the boundaries of laser beads in the cross section of the SLM composite specimens. Microcracks and microvoids formed at the boundaries of laser beads where NCGr particles accumulated. Both the shear strength and the friction coefficient of the SLM composite specimens decreased with increasing NCGr content. The shear strength and the friction coefficient of the SLM composite sample with 6wt% NCGr were approximately 20% and 33% lower than those of the NCGr-free sample, respectively. The friction mechanism changed from plastic shaping furrow to brittle cutting with increasing NCGr content. A practical Babbitt material with a lower friction coefficient and sufficient strength can be obtained by controlling the NCGr particle dispersion; this can be achieved by choosing NCGr particles with a thicker Ni layer and precisely controlling the laser energy input during the SLM process.
| [1] |
J.H. Westbrook, Intermetallic compounds: Their past and promise, Metall. Trans. A, 8(1977), No. 9, p. 1327. doi: 10.1007/BF02642848
|
| [2] |
Y. Tasgın, Effect of MgO, Al2O3 and FeCr2O4 on microstructure and wear resistance of Babbitt metal (Sn–Sb–Cu), Mater. Res. Express, 6(2019), No. 4, art. No. 046548. doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/aaf7b4
|
| [3] |
Y.Y. He, Z.K. Zhao, T.Y. Luo, X.C. Lu, and J.B. Luo, Failure analysis of journal bearing used in turboset of a power plant, Mater. Des., 52(2013), p. 923. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.06.027
|
| [4] |
M.M. Goudarzi, S.A.J. Jahromi, and A. Nazarboland, Investigation of characteristics of tin-based white metals as a bearing material, Mater. Des., 30(2009), No. 6, p. 2283. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2008.07.056
|
| [5] |
R.L. Chen, Y.Y. Wei, Q. Jia, J.M. Xu, F. Zhang, and X.Y. Yuan, Effect of increasing Cu content on the mechanical properties of tin-based Babbitt, Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 47(2018), No. 6, p. 1854.
|
| [6] |
Q. Dong, Z.W. Yin, H.L. Li, X.Y. Zhang, D. Jiang, and N. Zhong, Effects of Ag micro-addition on structure and mechanical properties of Sn–11Sb–6Cu Babbitt, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 722(2018), p. 225. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.03.034
|
| [7] |
M. Kamal, A. El-Bediwi, A.R. Lashin, and A.H. El-Zarka, Copper effects in mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Sn–Pb–Sb Babbitt bearing alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 530(2011), p. 327. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.09.092
|
| [8] |
M.V.S. Babu, A.R. Krishna, and K.N.S. Suman, Improvement of tensile behaviour of tin Babbitt by reinforcing with nano ilmenite and its optimisation by using response surface methodology, Int. J. Manuf. Mater. Mech. Eng., 7(2017), No. 1, p. 37. doi: 10.4018/IJMMME.2017010103
|
| [9] |
N.V. Kobernik, R.S. Mikheev, I.E. Kalashnikov, L.I. Kobeleva, and L.K. Bolotova, Tribological properties of Babbitt alloy coatings modified with carbon nanotubes, Inorg. Mater. Appl. Res., 8(2017), No. 3, p. 428. doi: 10.1134/S2075113317030145
|
| [10] |
N.P. Aleshin, N.V. Kobernik, R.S. Mikheev, V.E. Vaganov, V.V. Reshetnyak, and A.V. Aborkin, Plasma-powder application of antifrictional Babbitt coatings modified by carbon nanotubes, Russ. Eng. Res., 36(2016), No. 1, p. 46. doi: 10.3103/S1068798X16010032
|
| [11] |
I.E. Kalashnikov, N.B. Podymova, A.A. Karabutov, L.K. Bolotova, L.I. Kobeleva, and A.G. Kolmakov, Local elastic moduli of particle-filled B83 Babbitt-based composite materials prepared by powder metallurgy techniques, Inorg. Mater., 52(2016), No. 4, p. 429. doi: 10.1134/S0020168516040063
|
| [12] |
I.E. Kalashnikov, L.K. Bolotova, I.V. Katin, L.I. Kobeleva, A.G. Kolmakov, R.S. Mikheev, and N.V. Kobernik, Production of antifriction composite filler rods based on Babbit B83 by extrusion, Inorg. Mater. Appl. Res., 8(2017), No. 2, p. 335. doi: 10.1134/S207511331702006X
|
| [13] |
C.M. Lin, Y.C. Chiou, and R.T. Lee, Effect of MoS2 additive on electrical pitting mechanism of lubricated surface for Babbitt alloy/bearing steel pair under ac electric field, Wear, 257(2004), No. 7-8, p. 833. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2004.05.002
|
| [14] |
J. Sugishita, S. Fujiyoshi, T. Imura, and M. Ishii, A study of cast alloys with partially dispersed graphite: I: The process of partial dispersion with uncoated carbon microballoons, Wear, 81(1982), No. 2, p. 209. doi: 10.1016/0043-1648(82)90271-X
|
| [15] |
Venkatesh R. and V.S. Rao, Thermal, corrosion and wear analysis of copper based metal matrix composites reinforced with alumina and graphite, Defence Technol., 14(2018), No. 4, p. 346. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2018.05.003
|
| [16] |
W.E. Frazier, Metal additive manufacturing: A review, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 23(2014), No. 6, p. 1917. doi: 10.1007/s11665-014-0958-z
|
| [17] |
I. Yadroitsev, Ph. Bertrand, and I. Smurov, Parametric analysis of the selective laser melting process, Appl. Surf. Sci., 253(2007), No. 19, p. 8064. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.02.088
|
| [18] |
B. Diepold, N. Vorlaufer, S. Neumeier, T. Gartner, and M. Göken, Optimization of the heat treatment of additively manufactured Ni-base superalloy IN718, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 27(2020), No. 5, p. 640. doi: 10.1007/s12613-020-1991-6
|
| [19] |
B. AlMangour, D. Grzesiak, and J.M. Yang, Rapid fabrication of bulk-form TiB2/316L stainless steel nanocomposites with novel reinforcement architecture and improved performance by selective laser melting, J. Alloys Compd., 680(2016), p. 480. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.156
|
| [20] |
B. AlMangour, D. Grzesiak, and J.M. Yang, Selective laser melting of TiC reinforced 316L stainless steel matrix nanocomposites: Influence of starting TiC particle size and volume content, Mater. Des., 104(2016), p. 141. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.018
|
| [21] |
B. AlMangour, D. Grzesiak, and J.M. Yang, Selective laser melting of TiB2/H13 steel nanocomposites: Influence of hot isostatic pressing post-treatment, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 244(2017), p. 344. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.01.019
|
| [22] |
B. AlMangour, D. Grzesiak, and J.M. Yang, Nanocrystalline TiC-reinforced H13 steel matrix nanocomposites fabricated by selective laser melting, Mater. Des., 96(2016), p. 150. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.02.022
|
| [23] |
Q.Q. Han, Y.Q. Geng, R. Setchi, F. Lacan, D.D. Gu, and S.L. Evans, Macro and nanoscale wear behaviour of Al–Al2O3 nanocomposites fabricated by selective laser melting, Composites Part B, 127(2017), p. 26. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.06.026
|
| [24] |
C.Y. Yap, C.K. Chua, and Z.L. Dong, An effective analytical model of selective laser melting, Virtual Phys. Prototyping, 11(2016), No. 1, p. 21. doi: 10.1080/17452759.2015.1133217
|
| [25] |
S. Mushtaq and M.F. Wani, High-temperature friction and wear studies of Fe–Cu–Sn alloy with graphite as solid lubricant under dry sliding conditions, Mater. Res. Express, 5(2018), No. 2, art. No. 026504. doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/aaa9a5
|
Figures(12)
Copyright © 2019 Editorial Office of International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 京ICP备13030111号
Supported by:
Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd
Email:
info@rhhz.net
Search
DownLoad:
