Effect of Co2+ substitution in B-sites of the perovskite system on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Bi0.5(Na0.68K0.22Li0.10)0.5TiO3 ceramics

Pamornnarumol Bhupaijit; Chonnarong Kaewsai; Tawat Suriwong; Supree Pinitsoontorn; Surirat Yotthuan; Naratip Vittayakorn; Theerachai Bongkarn

doi:10.1007/s12613-021-2345-8

Volume 29 Issue 9

Sep. 2022

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Article Navigation > International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2022 > 29(9): 1798-1808

Pamornnarumol Bhupaijit, Chonnarong Kaewsai, Tawat Suriwong, Supree Pinitsoontorn, Surirat Yotthuan, Naratip Vittayakorn, and Theerachai Bongkarn, Effect of Co²⁺ substitution in B-sites of the perovskite system on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Bi_0.5(Na_0.68K_0.22Li_0.10)_0.5TiO₃ ceramics, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 9, pp. 1798-1808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2345-8

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Pamornnarumol Bhupaijit, Chonnarong Kaewsai, Tawat Suriwong, Supree Pinitsoontorn, Surirat Yotthuan, Naratip Vittayakorn, and Theerachai Bongkarn, Effect of Co2+ substitution in B-sites of the perovskite system on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Bi0.5(Na0.68K0.22Li0.10)0.5TiO3 ceramics, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 9, pp. 1798-1808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2345-8

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Research Article

Effect of Co²⁺ substitution in B-sites of the perovskite system on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Bi_0.5(Na_0.68K_0.22Li_0.10)_0.5TiO₃ ceramics

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Corresponding author:
Theerachai Bongkarn E-mail: researchcmu@yahoo.com
Received: 29 April 2021; Revised: 18 August 2021; Accepted: 24 August 2021; Available online: 26 August 2021

Abstract

Abstract

Bi_0.5(Na_0.68K_0.22Li_0.10)_0.5Ti_1–xCo_xO₃ lead-free perovskite ceramics (BNKLT–xCo, x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020) were fabricated via the solid-state combustion technique. A small-amount of Co²⁺ ion substitution into Ti-sites led to modification of the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of BNKLT ceramics. Coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases were observed in all samples using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The Rietveld refinement revealed that the rhombohedral phase increased from 39% to 88% when x increased from 0 to 0.020. The average grain size increased when x increased. With increasing x, more oxygen vacancies were generated, leading to asymmetry in the bipolar strain (S–E) hysteresis loops. For the composition of x = 0.010, a high dielectric constant (ε_m) of 5384 and a large strain (S_max) of 0.23% with the normalized strain $ \left({d}_{33}^{*}\right) $ of 460 pm·V^–1 were achieved. The BNKLT–0Co ceramic showed diamagnetic behavior but all of the BNKLT–xCo ceramics exhibited paramagnetic behavior, measured at 50 K.
- BNKLT–xCo;
- dielectric;
- ferroelectric;
- strain;
- magnetic

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