Upcycling the retired graphite/LiCoO₂ batteries for the high voltage graphite/LiCoPO₄-co-workable dual-ion batteries

Worldwide proliferation of portable electronics has created a dramatic increase of retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, under the premise of such huge amounts of retired LIBs, the traditional recycling methods still have shortcomings. Therefore, we proposed an eco-friendly and sustainable double recycling strategy to concurrent reuse the cathode (LiCoO₂) and anode (graphite) materials of retired LIBs and used recycled LiCoPO₄/graphite (RLCPG) in Li+/PF₆^- co-de/intercalation dual-ion batteries. In addition, the recycle-derived dual-ion batteries of Li/RLCPG show an impressive electrochemical performance, e.g., appropriate initial reversible discharge capacity of 86.2 mA h g^-1 at 25 mA g^-1 and 69% capacity retention after 400 cycles. Dual recycling of cathode and anode from retired LIBs not only avoids wastage of resources, but also yields cathode materials with excellent performance, which provide an eco-friendly and sustainable way to design novel secondary batteries.