Review of Sc microalloying effects in Al–Cu alloys

Shenghua Wu; Chong Yang; Peng Zhang; Hang Xue; Yihan Gao; Yuqing Wang; Ruihong Wang; Jinyu Zhang; Gang Liu; Jun Sun

doi:10.1007/s12613-024-2841-8

Volume 31 Issue 5

May 2024

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Article Navigation > International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2024 > 31(5): 1098-1114

Shenghua Wu, Chong Yang, Peng Zhang, Hang Xue, Yihan Gao, Yuqing Wang, Ruihong Wang, Jinyu Zhang, Gang Liu, and Jun Sun, Review of Sc microalloying effects in Al–Cu alloys, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 5, pp. 1098-1114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2841-8

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Shenghua Wu, Chong Yang, Peng Zhang, Hang Xue, Yihan Gao, Yuqing Wang, Ruihong Wang, Jinyu Zhang, Gang Liu, and Jun Sun, Review of Sc microalloying effects in Al–Cu alloys, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 5, pp. 1098-1114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2841-8

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Invited Review

Review of Sc microalloying effects in Al–Cu alloys

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Corresponding authors:
Gang Liu E-mail: lgsammer@xjtu.edu.cn

Jun Sun E-mail: junsun@xjtu.edu.cn
Received: 20 September 2023; Revised: 25 January 2024; Accepted: 29 January 2024; Available online: 30 January 2024

Abstract

Abstract

Artificially controlling the solid-state precipitation in aluminum (Al) alloys is an efficient way to achieve well-performed properties, and the microalloying strategy is the most frequently adopted method for such a purpose. In this paper, recent advances in length-scale-dependent scandium (Sc) microalloying effects in Al–Cu model alloys are reviewed. In coarse-grained Al–Cu alloys, the Sc-aided Cu/Sc/vacancies complexes that act as heterogeneous nuclei and Sc segregation at the θ′-Al₂Cu/matrix interface that reduces interfacial energy contribute significantly to θ′ precipitation. By grain size refinement to the fine/ultrafine-grained scale, the strongly bonded Cu/Sc/vacancies complexes inhibit Cu and vacancy diffusing toward grain boundaries, promoting the desired intragranular θ′ precipitation. At nanocrystalline scale, the applied high strain producing high-density vacancies results in the formation of a large quantity of (Cu, Sc, vacancy)-rich atomic complexes with high thermal stability, outstandingly improving the strength/ductility synergy and preventing the intractable low-temperature precipitation. This review recommends the use of microalloying technology to modify the precipitation behaviors toward better combined mechanical properties and thermal stability in Al alloys.
- aluminum alloy;
- microalloying effect;
- length-scale dependence;
- precipitation;
- mechanical properties

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