Research progress and future prospects in the service security of key blast furnace equipment

The stable and low-carbon production of iron relies on the safety and longevity of key blast furnace equipment. This paper presents an analysis of the heat transfer characteristics of these components, as well as the uneven distribution of cooling water in parallel pipes based on hydrodynamic principles. Feasible methods for improving blast furnace cooling intensity are also discussed. Additionally, this study reviews the preparation process, performance, and damage characteristics of three key pieces of equipment: coolers, tuyeres, and hearth refractories. To better control these critical components under high-temperature working conditions, optimized technologies such as blast furnace operation and maintenance technology, self-repair technology, and full life cycle management technology are proposed. Finally, further research into safety assessments and predictions for key blast furnace equipment under new operating conditions is proposed.