A review of <i>in-situ</i> high-temperature characterizations for understanding the processes in metallurgical engineering

Yifan Zhao; Zhiyuan Li; Shijie Li; Weili Song; Shuqiang Jiao

doi:10.1007/s12613-024-2891-y

Volume 31 Issue 11

Nov. 2024

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Article Navigation > International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2024 > 31(11): 2327-2344

Yifan Zhao, Zhiyuan Li, Shijie Li, Weili Song, and Shuqiang Jiao, A review of in-situ high-temperature characterizations for understanding the processes in metallurgical engineering, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 11, pp. 2327-2344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2891-y

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Yifan Zhao, Zhiyuan Li, Shijie Li, Weili Song, and Shuqiang Jiao, A review of in-situ high-temperature characterizations for understanding the processes in metallurgical engineering, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 11, pp. 2327-2344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2891-y

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Review

A review of in-situ high-temperature characterizations for understanding the processes in metallurgical engineering

+ Author Affiliations

Corresponding authors:
Shijie Li E-mail: sli@ustb.edu.cn

Weili Song E-mail: weilis@bit.edu.cn
Received: 15 January 2024; Revised: 20 March 2024; Accepted: 21 March 2024; Available online: 22 March 2024

Abstract

Abstract

For the rational manipulation of the production quality of high-temperature metallurgical engineering, there are many challenges in understanding the processes involved because of the black box chemical/electrochemical reactors. To overcome this issue, various in-situ characterization methods have been recently developed to analyze the interactions between the composition, microstructure, and solid–liquid interface of high-temperature electrochemical electrodes and molten salts. In this review, recent progress of in-situ high-temperature characterization techniques is discussed to summarize the advances in understanding the processes in metallurgical engineering. In-situ high-temperature technologies and analytical methods mainly include synchrotron X-ray diffraction (s-XRD), laser scanning confocal microscopy, and X-ray computed microtomography (X-ray µ-CT), which are important platforms for analyzing the structure and morphology of the electrodes to reveal the complexity and variability of their interfaces. In addition, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, high-temperature Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy provide microscale characterizations of the composition and structure of molten salts. More importantly, the combination of X-ray µ-CT and s-XRD techniques enables the investigation of the chemical reaction mechanisms at the two-phase interface. Therefore, these in-situ methods are essential for analyzing the chemical/electrochemical kinetics of high-temperature reaction processes and establishing the theoretical principles for the efficient and stable operation of chemical/electrochemical metallurgical processes.
- in-situ characterization methods;
- high-temperature electrochemistry;
- electrodes;
- molten salts;
- interfacial reaction

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