Hydrometallurgical processing of chalcopyrite: A review of leaching techniques

Darwin Michell Cheje Machaca; Amilton Barbosa Botelho Junior; Thamyres Cardoso de Carvalho; Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório; Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa

doi:10.1007/s12613-024-2934-4

Volume 31 Issue 12

Dec. 2024

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Article Navigation > International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2024 > 31(12): 2537-2555

Darwin Michell Cheje Machaca, Amilton Barbosa Botelho Junior, Thamyres Cardoso de Carvalho, Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório, and Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa, Hydrometallurgical processing of chalcopyrite: A review of leaching techniques, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 12, pp. 2537-2555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2934-4

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Darwin Michell Cheje Machaca, Amilton Barbosa Botelho Junior, Thamyres Cardoso de Carvalho, Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório, and Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa, Hydrometallurgical processing of chalcopyrite: A review of leaching techniques, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 12, pp. 2537-2555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2934-4

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Review

Hydrometallurgical processing of chalcopyrite: A review of leaching techniques

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Corresponding author:
Darwin Michell Cheje Machaca E-mail: dcheje12@usp.br
Received: 26 November 2023; Revised: 13 May 2024; Accepted: 15 May 2024; Available online: 16 May 2024

Abstract

Abstract

Copper, an essential metal for the energy transition, is primarily obtained from chalcopyrite through hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods. The risks and harmful impacts of these processes pose significant concerns for environmental and human safety, highlighting the need for more efficient and eco-friendly hydrometallurgical methods. This review article emphasizes current processes such as oxidative leaching, bioleaching, and pressure leaching that have demonstrated efficiency in overcoming the complicated chalcopyrite network. Oxidative leaching operates under benign conditions within the leaching media; nevertheless, the introduction of oxidizing agents provides benefits and advantages. Bioleaching, a non-aggressive method, has shown a gradual increase in copper extraction efficiency and has been explored using both primary and secondary sources. Pressure leaching, known for its effectiveness and selectivity in copper extraction, is becoming commercially more viable with increased research investments. This research also provides important data for advancing future research in the field.
- chalcopyrite leaching;
- bioleaching;
- ionic liquids;
- chloride;
- hydrogen peroxide

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