Abstract: A Sb-Fe-carbon-fiber (CF) composite was prepared by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method with in situ growth of CFs using Sb₂O₃/Fe₂O₃ as the precursor and acetylene (C₂H₂) as the carbon source. The Sb-Fe-CF composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and its electrochemical performance was investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Sb-Fe-CF composite shows a better cycling stability than the Sb-amorphous-carbon composite prepared by the same CVD method but using Sb₂O₃ as the precursor. Improvements in cycling stability of the Sb-Fe-CF composite can be attributed to the formation of three-dimensional network structure by CFs, which can connect Sb particles firmly. In addition, the CF layer can buffer the volume change effectively.