留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码
Volume 26 Issue 5
May  2019
Turn off MathJax
目录
数据统计

分享

计量
  • 文章访问数:  559
  • HTML全文浏览量:  111
  • PDF下载量:  20
  • 被引次数: 0
文章导航 >  矿物冶金与材料学报（英文）  > 2019  >  26(5): 573-587
Xue-feng Bai, Yan-hui Sun, Rui-mei Chen, Yi-min Zhang,  and Yi-fan Cai, Formation and thermodynamics of CaS-bearing inclusions during Ca treatment in oil casting steels, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26(2019), No. 5, pp. 573-587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1766-0
Cite this article as:
Xue-feng Bai, Yan-hui Sun, Rui-mei Chen, Yi-min Zhang,  and Yi-fan Cai, Formation and thermodynamics of CaS-bearing inclusions during Ca treatment in oil casting steels, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26(2019), No. 5, pp. 573-587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1766-0
shu
引用本文 PDF XML SpringerLink
研究论文

Formation and thermodynamics of CaS-bearing inclusions during Ca treatment in oil casting steels

  • Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

  • 通讯作者:

    Yan-hui Sun    E-mail: sunyanhui@metall.ustb.edu.cn

  • Industrial experiments were carried out to investigate the formation of CaS-bearing inclusion during Ca double modification in oil casting steels using polished cross sections and electrolytic extraction. Immediately after Ca addition, the role of newly generated CaS as an intermediate reaction product, which modified the Al2O3 inclusion into a liquid calcium aluminate, was confirmed. The formation of transient CaS was attributed to the high surface segregation of S at the liquid steel-calcium vapor interface, where a simple site coverage model based upon the Langmuir adsorption equation was established. Moreover, a CaS outer layer surrounding the liquid calcium aluminate was attained mainly in the tundish, which was distributed unevenly on the surface of liquid particles according to the three-dimensional mapping results. The surface of a well-modified calcium aluminate with higher CaO activity and Al2O3 activity under bulk composition conditions in the tundish acted as a favorable site for the generation of CaS. Additionally, CaS could be precipitated directly onto existing inclusions during solidification of the steel, which led to various morphologies of CaS-bearing inclusions in slabs. Furthermore, the phase transformation of inclusions during solidification was strongly influenced both by the S content and the Ca/S ratio in the tundish via thermodynamics.
    • Research Article

    Formation and thermodynamics of CaS-bearing inclusions during Ca treatment in oil casting steels

    + Author Affiliations
      Abstract
    • Industrial experiments were carried out to investigate the formation of CaS-bearing inclusion during Ca double modification in oil casting steels using polished cross sections and electrolytic extraction. Immediately after Ca addition, the role of newly generated CaS as an intermediate reaction product, which modified the Al2O3 inclusion into a liquid calcium aluminate, was confirmed. The formation of transient CaS was attributed to the high surface segregation of S at the liquid steel-calcium vapor interface, where a simple site coverage model based upon the Langmuir adsorption equation was established. Moreover, a CaS outer layer surrounding the liquid calcium aluminate was attained mainly in the tundish, which was distributed unevenly on the surface of liquid particles according to the three-dimensional mapping results. The surface of a well-modified calcium aluminate with higher CaO activity and Al2O3 activity under bulk composition conditions in the tundish acted as a favorable site for the generation of CaS. Additionally, CaS could be precipitated directly onto existing inclusions during solidification of the steel, which led to various morphologies of CaS-bearing inclusions in slabs. Furthermore, the phase transformation of inclusions during solidification was strongly influenced both by the S content and the Ca/S ratio in the tundish via thermodynamics.
      • FullText(HTML)
    • loading
      • Supplements(0)
      • References(44)
    • [1]
      L.F. Zhang and B.G. Thomas, State of the art in the control of inclusions during steel ingot casting, Metall. Mater.Trans. B, 37(2006), No. 5, p. 733.
      [2]
      Y.I. Ito, S. Nara, Y. Kato, and M. Suda, Shape control of alumina inclusions by double calcium addition treatment, Tetsu-to-Hagane, 93(2007), No. 5, p. 355.
      [3]
      C.F. Dong, K. Xiao, Z.Y. Liu, W.J. Yang, and X.G. Li, Hydrogen induced cracking of X80 pipeline steel, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 17(2010), No. 5, p. 579.
      [4]
      F.F. Ai, X.L. Xu, Y.Q. Chen, B. Zhong, L. Li, P. Gao, and D.G. Xie, Influence of inclusions on hydrogen induced cracking of oil well pipe steel, Corros. Prot., 33(2012), No. 5, p. 422.
      [5]
      Y.I. Ito, M. Suda, Y. Kato, H. Nakato, and K.I. Sorimachi, Kinetics of shape control of alumina inclusions with calcium treatment in line pipe steel for sour service, ISIJ Int., 36(1996), p. S148.
      [6]
      J.H. Park, S.B. Lee, and D.S. Kim, Inclusion control of ferritic stainless steel by aluminum deoxidation and calcium treatment, Metall. Mater.Trans. B, 36(2005), No. 1, p. 67.
      [7]
      J. Guo, S.S. Cheng, H.J. Guo, and Y.G. Mei, Novel mechanism for the modification of Al2O3-based inclusions in ultra-low carbon Al-killed steel considering the effects of magnesium and calcium, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 25(2018), No. 3, p. 280.
      [8]
      S.K. Choudhary and A. Ghosh, Thermodynamic evaluation of formation of oxide-sulfide duplex inclusions in steel, ISIJ Int., 48(2008), No. 11, p. 1552.
      [9]
      Y. Miyashita and K. Nishikawa, The deoxidation of liquid iron with calcium, Tetsu-to-Hagane, 57(1971), No. 13, p. 1969.
      [10]
      Q.Y. Han, X.D. Zhang, D. Chen, and P.F. Wang, The calcium-phosphorus and the simultaneous calcium-oxygen and calcium-sulfur equilibria in liquid iron, Metall. Trans. B, 19(1988), No. 4, p. 617.
      [11]
      S.W. Cho and H. Suito, Assessment of calcium-oxygen equilibrium in liquid iron, ISIJ Int., 34(1994), No. 3, p. 265.
      [12]
      K. Taguchi, H. Ono-Nakazato, D. Nakai, T. Usui, and K. Marukawa, Deoxidation and desulfurization equilibria of liquid iron by calcium, ISIJ Int., 43(2003), No. 11, p. 1705.
      [13]
      K. Tshilombo, Determination of inclusions in liquid steel after calcium treatment, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 17(2010), No. 1, p. 28.
      [14]
      J.H. Liu, H.J. Wu, Y.P. Bao, and M. Wang, Inclusion variations and calcium treatment optimization in pipeline steel production, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 18(2011), No. 5, p. 527.
      [15]
      Y. Liu and L.F. Zhang, Relationship between dissolved calcium and total calcium in Al-killed steels after calcium treatment, Metall. Mater.Trans. B, 49(2018), No. 4, p. 1624.
      [16]
      G. Ye, P. Jönsson, and T. Lund, Thermodynamics and kinetics of the modification of Al2O3 inclusions, ISIJ Int., 36(1996), p. S105.
      [17]
      J.M.A. Geldenhuis and P.C. Pistorius, Minimisation of calcium additions to low carbon steel grades, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 27(2000), No. 6, p. 442.
      [18]
      G. Xu, Z.H. Jiang, and Y. Li, Formation mechanism of cas-bearing inclusions and the rolling deformation in Al-killed, low-alloy steel with Ca treatment, Metall. Mater.Trans. B, 47(2016), No. 4, p. 2411.
      [19]
      K. Kawakami, T. Taniguchi, and K. Nakashima, Generation mechanisms of non-metallic inclusions in high-cleanliness steel, Tetsu-to-Hagane, 93(2007), No. 12, p. 743.
      [20]
      S.F. Yang, Q.Q. Wang, L.F. Zhang, J.S. Li, and K. Peaslee, Formation and modification of MgO·Al2O3-based inclusions in alloy steels, Metall. Mater.Trans. B, 43(2012), No. 4, p. 731.
      [21]
      Y. Higuchi, M. Numata, S. Fukagawa, and K. Shinme, Inclusion modification by calcium treatment, ISIJ Int., 36(1996), p. S151.
      [22]
      N. Verma, P.C. Pistorius, R.J. Fruehan, M. Potter, M. Lind, and S. Story, Transient inclusion evolution during modification of alumina inclusions by calcium in liquid steel:Part I. Background, experimental techniques and analysis methods, Metall. Mater.Trans. B, 42(2011), No. 4, p. 711.
      [23]
      N. Verma, P.C. Pistorius, R.J. Fruehan, M. Potter, M. Lind, and S.R. Story, Transient inclusion evolution during modification of alumina inclusions by calcium in liquid steel:Part Ⅱ. Results and discussion, Metall. Mater.Trans. B, 42(2011), No. 4, p. 720.
      [24]
      Y. Ren, L.F. Zhang, and S.S Li, Transient evolution of inclusions during calcium modification in linepipe steels, ISIJ Int.,54(2014), No. 12, p. 2772.
      [25]
      Y. Ren, Y. Zhang, and L.F. Zhang, A kinetic model for Ca treatment of Al-killed steels using factsage macro processing, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 44(2017), No. 7, p. 497.
      [26]
      Y. Liu, L.F. Zhang, Y. Zhang, H.J. Duan, Y. Ren, and W. Yang, Effect of sulfur in steel on transient evolution of inclusions during calcium treatment, Metall. Mater.Trans. B, 49(2018), No. 2, p. 610.
      [27]
      A. Ray, S.K. Paul, and S. Jha, Effect of inclusions and microstructural characteristics on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of a high-strength low-alloy steel, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 4(1995), No. 6, p. 679.
      [28]
      T. Lis, Modification of oxygen and sulphur snclusions in steel by calcium treatment, Metalurgija, 48(2009), No. 2, p. 95.
      [29]
      J. Moon, S.J. Kim, and C. Lee, Role of Ca treatment in hydrogen induced cracking of hot rolled API pipeline steel in acid sour media, Met. Mater. Int., 19(2013), No. 1, p. 45.
      [30]
      L. Holappa, M. Hämäläinen, M. Liukkonen, and M. Lind, Thermodynamic examination of inclusion modification and precipitation from calcium treatment to solidified steel, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 30(2003), No. 2, p. 111.
      [31]
      Y. Wang, S. Sridhar, and M. Valdez, Formation of CaS on Al2O3-CaO inclusions during solidification of steels, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 33(2002), No. 4, p. 625.
      [32]
      J. Guo, S.S Cheng, Z.J. Cheng, and L. Xin, Thermodynamics for precipitation of cas bearing inclusion and their deformation during rolling process for Al-killed Ca-treated steel, Steel Res. Int., 84(2013), No. 6, p. 545.
      [33]
      Y.Y. Bi, A.V. Karasev, and P.G. Jönsson, Evolution of different inclusions during ladle treatment and continuous casting of stainless steel, ISIJ Int., 53(2013), No. 12, p. 2099.
      [34]
      C.W. Bale, P. Chartrand, S.A. Degterov, G. Eriksson, K. Hack, R.B. Mahfoud, J. Melançon, A.D. Pelton, and S. Petersen, FactSage thermochemical software and databases, Calphad, 26(2002), No. 2, p. 189.
      [35]
      S. Sun, S. Waterfall, N. Strobl, D. Liao, and D. Holdridge, Inclusion control with Ca treatment to improve castability of low carbon Aluminum-killed steel,[in] Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, San Diego, 2017, p. 347.
      [36]
      G.R. Belton and R.W. Hunt, How fast can we go? The status of our knowledge of the rates of gas-liquid metal reactions, Metall. Trans. B, 24(1993), No. 2, p. 241.
      [37]
      S. Ban-Ya, F. Ishii, Y. Iguchi, and T. Nagasaka, Rate of nitrogen desorption from liquid iron-carbon and iron-chromium alloys with argon, Metall. Trans. B, 19(1988), No. 2, p. 233.
      [38]
      K. Harashima, S. Mizoguchi, H. Kajioka, and K. Sakakura, Kinetics of nitrogen desorption from liquid iron with low nitrogen content under reduced pressures, Tetsu-to-Hagane, 73(1987), No. 11, p. 1559.
      [39]
      K. Harashima, S. Mizoguchi, M. Matsuo, and A. Kiyose, Rates of nitrogen and carbon removal from liquid iron in low content region under reduced pressures, ISIJ Int., 32(1992), No. 1, p. 111.
      [40]
      T. Harada and D. Janke, Nitrogen desorption from pure iron melts under reduced pressure, Steel Res. Int., 60(1989), No. 8, p. 337.
      [41]
      T. Fujisawa, S. Yamauchiand, and H. Sakao, Activities of CaO and Al2O3 in CaO-Al2O3-CaS slags saturated with CaS and the equilibrium between the slags and molten iron alloys at 1873 K,[in] Proceedings of the 6th International Iron and Steel Congress, Tokyo, 1990, p. 201.
      [42]
      B. Koroušić, Fundamental thermodynamic aspects of the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system, Steel Res. Int., 62(1991), No. 7, p. 285.
      [43]
      X.H. Wang, X.G. Li, Q. Li, F.X. Huang, H.B. Li, and J. Yang, Control of string shaped non-metallic inclusions of CaS-Al2O3 system in X80 pipeline steel plates, Acta Metall. Sin., 49(2013), No. 5, p. 553.
      [44]
      T.X. Zhu, M. King, and D. Holdridge, Calcium injection optimization at ArcelorMittal Dofasco Inc.'s LMF 2,[in] Proceedings of the AISTech 2018, Philadelphia, 2018, p. 1419.
      • Relative Articles
      Cited By

    Catalog


    • /

      返回文章
      返回

      版权所有 ©《矿物冶金与材料学报（英文）》编辑部

      地址：北京市海淀区学院路30号邮政编码：100083

      电子邮箱：journal@ustb.edu.cn电话：+86-10-62332875

      本系统由 北京仁和汇智信息技术有限公司 开发    百度统计