留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码
Volume 26 Issue 5
May  2019
Turn off MathJax
目录
数据统计

分享

计量
  • 文章访问数:  489
  • HTML全文浏览量:  95
  • PDF下载量:  14
  • 被引次数: 0
文章导航 >  矿物冶金与材料学报（英文）  > 2019  >  26(5): 588-596
Hamid Sazegaran and Milad Hojati, Effects of copper content on microstructure and mechanical properties of open-cell steel foams, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26(2019), No. 5, pp. 588-596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1767-z
Cite this article as:
Hamid Sazegaran and Milad Hojati, Effects of copper content on microstructure and mechanical properties of open-cell steel foams, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26(2019), No. 5, pp. 588-596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1767-z
shu
引用本文 PDF XML SpringerLink
研究论文

Effects of copper content on microstructure and mechanical properties of open-cell steel foams

  • Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan 94771-67335, Iran

  • Manufacturing Management of Mashhad Powder Metallurgy Company, Mashhad 94772-54258, Iran

  • 通讯作者:

    Hamid Sazegaran    E-mail: h.sazegaran@qiet.ac.ir

  • The effects of copper content on the microstructural and mechanical properties of steel foams are investigated. Spherical urea granules, used as a water-leachable space holder, were coated with a mixture of iron, ultrafine carbon, and different amounts of copper powders. After the mixture was compacted and the space holder was removed by leaching, a sintering process was performed under an atmosphere of thermally dissociated ammonia. Microstructural evaluations of the cell walls were carried out using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In addition, compression tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the manufactured steel foams. The results showed that the total porosity decreases from 77.2% to 71.9% with increasing copper content in the steel foams. In the foams' microstructure, copper islands are mostly distributed in pearlite and intergranular carbide phases are formed in the grain boundaries. When the copper content was increased from 0 to 4wt%, the elastic modulus, plateau stress, fracture stress, and fracture strain of manufactured steel foams improved 4.5, 6, 6.4, and 2.5 times, respectively.
    • Research Article

    Effects of copper content on microstructure and mechanical properties of open-cell steel foams

    + Author Affiliations
      Abstract
    • The effects of copper content on the microstructural and mechanical properties of steel foams are investigated. Spherical urea granules, used as a water-leachable space holder, were coated with a mixture of iron, ultrafine carbon, and different amounts of copper powders. After the mixture was compacted and the space holder was removed by leaching, a sintering process was performed under an atmosphere of thermally dissociated ammonia. Microstructural evaluations of the cell walls were carried out using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In addition, compression tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the manufactured steel foams. The results showed that the total porosity decreases from 77.2% to 71.9% with increasing copper content in the steel foams. In the foams' microstructure, copper islands are mostly distributed in pearlite and intergranular carbide phases are formed in the grain boundaries. When the copper content was increased from 0 to 4wt%, the elastic modulus, plateau stress, fracture stress, and fracture strain of manufactured steel foams improved 4.5, 6, 6.4, and 2.5 times, respectively.
      • FullText(HTML)
    • loading
      • Supplements(0)
      • References(45)
    • [1]
      J. Banhart, Manufacture, characterization and application of cellular metals and metal foams, Prog. Mater. Sci., 46(2001), No. 6, p. 559.
      [2]
      M.F. Ashby, A.G. Evans, N.A. Fleck, L.J. Gibson, J.W. Hutchinson, and H.N.G. Wadley, Metal Foams:A Design Guide, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000, p. 21.
      [3]
      H.P. Degischer and B. Kriszt, Handbook of Cellular Metals:Production, Processing and Applications, Weinheim:Wiley-VCH/Verlag GmbH, 2002, p. 67.
      [4]
      J. Baumeister, J. Banhart, and M. Weber, Aluminum foams for transport industry, Mater. Des., 18(1997), No. 4-6, p. 217.
      [5]
      K. Boomsma, D. Poulikakos, and F. Zwick, Metal foams as compact high performance heat exchangers, Mech. Mater., 35(2003), No. 12, p. 1161.
      [6]
      H.W. Song, Z.J. Fan, G. Yu, Q.C. Wang, and A. Tobota, Partition energy absorption of axially crushed aluminum foam-filled hat sections, Int. J. Solids. Struct., 42(2005), No. 9-10, p. 2575.
      [7]
      C. Motz and R. Pippan, Deformation behaviour of closed-cell aluminium foams in tension, Acta. Mater., 49(2001), No. 13, p. 2463.
      [8]
      S.V. Raj, L.J. Ghosn, B.A. Lerch, M. Hebsur, L.M. Cosgriff, and J. Fedor, Mechanical properties of 17-4PH stainless steel foam panels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 456(2007), No. 1-2, p. 305.
      [9]
      J.Y. Seo, K.Y. Lee, and D.S. Shim, Effects of process parameters on properties of porous foams formed by laser-assisted melting of steel powder (AISI P21)/foaming agent (ZrH2) mixture, Opt. Laser. Technol., 98(2018), p. 326.
      [10]
      B.H. Smith, S. Szyniszewski, J.F. Hajjar, B.W. Schafer, and S.R. Arwade, Steel foam for structures:A review of applications, manufacturing and material properties, J. Constr. Steel. Res., 71(2012), p. 1.
      [11]
      C. Park and S.R. Nutt, Effects of process parameters on steel foam synthesis, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 297(2001), No. 1-2, p. 62.
      [12]
      C. Park and S.R. Nutt, PM synthesis and properties of steel foams, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 288(2000), No. 1, p. 111.
      [13]
      M.H. Golabgir, R. Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi, O. Torabi, H. Tajizadegan, and A. Jamshidi, Fabrication and evaluation of oxidation resistance performance of open-celled Fe (Al) foam by space-holder technique, Adv. Powder Technol., 25(2014), No. 3, p. 960.
      [14]
      N. Bekoz and E. Oktay, Effects of carbamide shape and content on processing and properties of steel foams, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 212(2012), No. 10, p. 2109.
      [15]
      N. Bekoz and E. Oktay, Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of low alloy steel foams, Mater. Des., 51(2013), p. 212.
      [16]
      M. Mirzaei and M.H, Paydar, A novel process for manufacturing porous 316L stainless steel with uniform pore distribution, Mater. Des., 121(2017), p. 442.
      [17]
      S. Guarino, M. Barletta, S. Pezzola, and S. Vesco, Manufacturing of steel foams by Slip Reaction Foam Sintering (SRFS), Mater. Des., 40(2012), p. 268.
      [18]
      M. Sharma, G.K. Gupta, O.P. Modi, B.K. Prasad, and A.K. Gupta, Titanium foam through powder metallurgy route using acicular urea particles as space holder, Mater. Lett., 65(2011), No. 21-22, p. 3199.
      [19]
      T. Shimizu, K. Matsuzaki, H. Nagai, and N. Kanetake, Production of high porosity metal foams using EPS beads as space holders, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 558(2012), p. 343.
      [20]
      J. Kadkhodapour, H. Montazerian, M. Samadi, S. Schmauder, and A.A. Mehrizi, Plastic deformation and compressive mechanical properties of hollow sphere aluminum foams produced by space holder technique, Mater. Des., 83(2015), p. 352.
      [21]
      E.E. Aşik andŞ. Bor, Fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V foams processed by magnesium space holder technique, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 621(2015), p. 157.
      [22]
      G.Z. Jia, Y. Hou, C.X. Chen, J.L. Niu, H. Zhang, H. Huang, M.P. Xiong, and G.Y. Yuan, Precise fabrication of open porous Mg scaffolds using NaCl templates:Relationship between space holder particles, pore characteristics and mechanical behavior, Mater. Des., 140(2018), p. 106.
      [23]
      B. Xie, Y.Z. Fan, T.Z. Mu, and B. Deng, Fabrication and energy absorption properties of titanium foam with CaCl2 as a space holder, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 708(2017), p. 419.
      [24]
      N. Takata, K. Uematsu, and M. Kobashi, Compressive properties of porous Ti-Al alloys fabricated by reaction synthesis using a space holder powder, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 697(2017), p. 66.
      [25]
      A. Noorsyakirah, M. Mazlan, O.M. Afian, M.A. Aswad, S.M. Jabir, M.Z. Nurazilah, N.H.M. Afiq, M. Bakar, A.J.M. Nizam, O.A. Zahid, and M.H.M. Bakri, Application of potassium carbonate as space holder for metal injection molding process of open pore copper foam, Procedia. Chem., 19(2016), p. 552.
      [26]
      B. Jiang, N.Q. Zhao, C.S. Shi, and J.J. Li, Processing of open cell aluminum foams with tailored porous morphology, Scripta Mater., 53(2005), No. 6, p. 781.
      [27]
      A. Mansourighasri, N. Muhamad, and A.B. Sulong, Processing titanium foams using tapioca starch as a space holder, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 212(2012), No. 1, p. 83.
      [28]
      H.I. Bakan, A novel water leaching and sintering process for manufacturing highly porous stainless steel, Scripta Mater., 55(2006), No. 2, p. 203.
      [29]
      M. Bram, C. Stiller, H.P. Buchkremer, D. Stöver, and H. Baur, High porosity titanium, stainless steel and superalloy parts, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2(2000), No. 4, p. 196.
      [30]
      H.Ö. Gülsoy and R.M. German, Sintered foams from precipitation hardened stainless steel powder, Powder Metall., 51(2008), No. 4, p. 350.
      [31]
      I. Mutlu and E. Oktay, Processing and properties of highly porous 17-4 PH stainless steel, Powder Metall. Met. Ceram., 50(2011), No. 1-2, p. 73.
      [32]
      I. Mutlu and E. Oktay, Production and aging of highly porous 17-4 PH stainless steel, J. Porous Mater., 19(2011), No. 4, p. 433.
      [33]
      D.P. Mondal, H. Jain, S. Das, and A.K. Jha, Stainless steel foams made through powder metallurgy route using NH4HCO3 as space holder, Mater. Des., 88(2015), p. 430.
      [34]
      N. Bekoz and E. Oktay, High temperature mechanical properties of low alloy steel foams produced by powder metallurgy, Mater. Des., 53(2014), p. 482.
      [35]
      N. Michailidis, F. Stergioudi, A. Tsouknidas, and E. Pavlidou, Compressive response of Al foams produced via a powder sintering process based on a leachable space-holder material, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 528(2011), No. 3, p. 1662.
      [36]
      R.M. German, P. Suri, and S.J. Park, Review:liquid phase sintering, J. Mater. Sci., 44(2009), No. 1, p. 1.
      [37]
      M.W. Wu, W.Z. Cai, Z.J. Lin, and S.H. Chang, Liquid phase sintering mechanism and densification behavior of boron-alloyed Fe-Ni-Mo-C-B powder metallurgy steel, Mater. Des., 133(2017), p. 536.
      [38]
      A. Simchi, Effect of C and Cu addition on the densification and microstructure of iron powder in direct laser sintering process, Mater. Lett., 62(2008), No. 17-18, p. 2840.
      [39]
      I. Metinöz, I. Cristofolini, I. Pahl, A. DeNicolo, P. Marconi, and A. Molinari, Theoretical and experimental study of the contact fatigue behavior of a Mo-Cu steel produced by powder metallurgy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 614(2014), p. 81.
      [40]
      W.D. Wong-Ángel, L. Téllez-Jurado, J.F. Chávez-Alcalá, E. Chavira-Martínez, and V.F. Verduzco-Cedeño, Effect of copper on the mechanical properties of alloys formed by powder metallurgy, Mater. Des., 58(2014), p. 12.
      [41]
      U. Ramamurty and A. Paul, Variability in mechanical properties of a metal foam, Acta Mater., 52(2004), No. 4, p. 869.
      [42]
      Y.L. Mu, G.C. Yao, and H.J. Luo, Effect of cell shape anisotropy on the compressive behavior of closed-cell aluminum foams, Mater. Des., 31(2010), No. 3, p. 1567.
      [43]
      K. Essa, P. Jamshidi, J. Zou, M.M. Attallah, and H. Hassanin, Porosity control in 316L stainless steel using cold and hot isostatic pressing, Mater. Des., 138(2018), p. 21.
      [44]
      H. Bafti and A. Habibolahzadeh, Production of aluminum foam by spherical carbamide space holder technique-processing parameters, Mater. Des., 31(2010), No. 9, p. 4122.
      [45]
      Y.Y. Zhao, F.S. Han, and T. Fung, Optimisation of compaction and liquid-state sintering in sintering and dissolution process for manufacturing Al foams, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 364(2004), No. 1-2, p. 117.
      • Relative Articles
      Cited By

    Catalog


    • /

      返回文章
      返回

      版权所有 ©《矿物冶金与材料学报（英文）》编辑部

      地址：北京市海淀区学院路30号邮政编码：100083

      电子邮箱：journal@ustb.edu.cn电话：+86-10-62332875

      本系统由 北京仁和汇智信息技术有限公司 开发    百度统计