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Chao Pan, Xiao-jun Hu, Jian-chao Zheng, Ping Lin, and Kuo-chih Chou, Effect of calcium content on inclusions during the ladle furnace refining process of AISI 321 stainless steel, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 27(2020), No. 11, pp. 1499-1507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-1981-8
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The effect of three heat processes with different calcium contents on the evolution of inclusions during the ladle furnace refining process of AISI 321 stainless steel was investigated. The size, morphology, and composition of the inclusions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. After the addition of aluminum and titanium, the primary oxide in the AISI 321 stainless steel was an Al2O3–MgO–TiOx complex oxide, in which the mass ratio of Al2O3/MgO was highly consistent with spinel (MgO·Al2O3). After calcium treatment, the calcium content in the oxide increased significantly. Thermodynamic calculations show that when the Ti content was 0.2wt%, the Al and Ca contents were less than 0.10wt% and 0.0005wt%, respectively, which was beneficial for the formation of liquid inclusions in molten steel. Moreover, the modification mechanism of calcium on TiN-wrapped oxides in combination with temperature changes was discussed.
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