| Cite this article as: |
Jiuyao Du, Mengqi Zhang, and Jianjun Tian, Controlled crystal orientation of two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper halide perovskite films for solar cells, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 1, pp. 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2341-z
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田建军 E-mail: tianjianjun@mater.ustb.edu.cn
金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池因其高功率转换效率和良好成本效益的可溶液制备工艺，成为了近年来的研究热点。最先进的钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率已经超过了25%。然而，金属卤化物钙钛矿的结构和工作稳定性较差成为了其发展和应用的重要障碍之一。二维（2D）Ruddlesden–Popper（RP）钙钛矿结构是钙钛矿八面体层两侧被有机间隔阳离子夹在中间的三明治结构，疏水性有机间隔阳离子有效避免环境因素对钙钛矿结构的影响，显著提升材料和器件的结构和工作稳定性。太阳能电池的工作原理要求2D RP钙钛矿的晶体垂直于基底进行取向生长，从而有利于光生电荷的快速传输和提取。本文旨在总结2D RP钙钛矿太阳能电池中钙钛矿薄膜调控晶体取向的方法，主要归纳了近期关于2D RP钙钛矿薄膜在制备方法和前驱液组分方面对晶体取向机制和调控的影响。近期研究显示，2D RP钙钛矿薄膜的制备已经由传统的一步旋涂法逐渐发展为热辅助法、真空极化法和溶剂蒸汽退火法等。热辅助方法是通过加速中间相的转变来控制二维钙钛矿薄膜的生长方向。溶剂蒸汽退火法是采用溶剂蒸汽来诱导2D相重组。在前驱液组分方面，添加剂和修饰的有机间隔阳离子主要通过官能团与钙钛矿八面体之间的相互作用调控2D RP钙钛矿晶体的生长方向。此外，本文还讨论了当前2D RP钙钛矿太阳能电池目前存在的主要问题，并进行了展望。
Metal halide perovskite solar cells have attracted considerable attention because of their high-power conversion efficiency and cost-effective solution-processable fabrication; however, they exhibit poor structural stability. Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites could address the aforementioned issue and present excellent stability because of their hydrophobic organic spacer cations. However, the crystallographic orientation of 2D crystals should be perpendicular to the bottom substrates for charges to transport fast and be collected in solar cells. Moreover, controlling the crystallographic orientation of the 2D RP perovskites prepared by the solution process is difficult. Herein, we reviewed the progress of recent research regarding 2D RP perovskite films with the focus on the crystallographic orientation mechanism and orientation controlling methods. Furthermore, the current issues and prospects of 2D RP perovskites in the photovoltaic field were discussed to elucidate their development and application in the future.
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