Abstract: Carbon neutrality of the steel industry requires the development of high-strength steel. The mechanical properties of low-alloy steel can be considerably improved at a low cost by adding a small amount of titanium (Ti) element, namely Ti microalloying, whose performance is related to Ti-contained second phase particles including inclusions and precipitates. By proper controlling the precipitation behaviors of these particles during different stages of steel manufacture, fine-grained microstructure and strong precipitation strengthening effects can be obtained in low-alloy steel. Thus, Ti microalloying can be widely applied to produce high strength steel, which can replace low strength steels heavily used in various areas currently. This article reviews the characteristics of the chemical and physical metallurgies of Ti microalloying and the effects of Ti microalloying on the phase formation, microstructural evolution, precipitation behavior of low-carbon steel during the steel making process, especially the thin slab casting and continuous rolling process and the mechanical properties of final steel products. Future development of Ti microalloying is also proposed to further promote the application of Ti microalloying technology in steel to meet the requirement of low-carbon economy.