岩石爆破基础理论与技术研究进展

许鹏; 杨仁树; 左进京; 丁晨曦; 陈程; 郭洋; 方士正; 张宇菲

doi:10.1007/s12613-022-2464-x

Volume 29 Issue 4

Apr. 2022

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文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2022 > 29(4): 705-716

Peng Xu, Renshu Yang, Jinjing Zuo, Chenxi Ding, Cheng Chen, Yang Guo, Shizheng Fang, and Yufei Zhang, Research progress of the fundamental theory and technology of rock blasting, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 4, pp. 705-716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2464-x

Cite this article as:

Peng Xu, Renshu Yang, Jinjing Zuo, Chenxi Ding, Cheng Chen, Yang Guo, Shizheng Fang, and Yufei Zhang, Research progress of the fundamental theory and technology of rock blasting, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 4, pp. 705-716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2464-x

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特约综述

岩石爆破基础理论与技术研究进展

1)
北京科技大学数理学院，北京 100083，中国
2)
北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院，北京 100083，中国
3)
北京科技大学国家材料服役安全科学中心，北京 100083，中国
4)
中国矿业大学（北京）力学与建筑工程学院，北京 100083，中国

通讯作者:
杨仁树 E-mail: yrs@ustb.edu.cn

文章亮点

(1) 建立了动态光弹性-数字图像相关综合实验系统，提出了爆炸荷载下应力场全场主应力计算方法。

(2) 研究了爆炸应力波与裂纹的相互作用机理，发现爆炸膨胀波对相向扩展爆炸裂纹有抑制作用，剪切波对相向扩展爆炸裂纹有促进作用。

(3) 建立了三维地质爆破模型实验系统，探究了地应力场对爆炸裂纹扩展、岩体破碎和掏槽爆破效果的影响规律。

(4) 开发了分阶分段掏槽爆破技术和掏槽孔超深爆破技术，提高了深孔掏槽爆破效果。

(5) 开发了切缝药包周边定向断裂控制爆破技术，改善了巷道爆破成型质量。

中文摘要

钻爆法是地下空间开挖和矿产资源开采的主要手段。然而，由于岩体的非均质和各向异性、爆破过程的瞬态性、爆炸裂纹扩展的随机性，致使难以掌握炸药爆炸做功与岩体破碎耗能的耦合作用机理以及炸药爆炸能量释放和爆炸裂纹扩展的精密控制原理两个关键科学问题，并导致爆破工程施工中普遍存在爆破掘进效率低、成型质量差和围压损伤范围大等技术难题。近三十年来，笔者针对上述关键科学问题和技术难题进行了系统研究，本文详细总结了相关实验研究进展，包括：① 开展了水下爆破实验，获得了爆炸能量释放的基本规律。发现爆炸冲击波峰值强度高，持续时间短；爆生气体峰值强度低，持续时间长。② 建立了动光弹性-数字图像相关综合测试系统，提出了爆炸应力场全场主应力计算方法，定量分析了炮孔装药结构、炮孔个数、起爆时差等参数对爆炸应力场时空演化的影响。③ 开展了爆炸应力波与裂纹相互作用机理研究，获得了爆炸应力波作用下裂纹尖端局部应力场的变化规律，探明了爆炸裂纹尖端局部应力场对裂纹扩展方向的影响；揭示了爆炸膨胀波对相向扩展裂纹有抑制作用，而剪切波对相向扩展裂纹有促进作用。④ 建立了三维地质爆破模型实验系统，探究了地应力场对爆炸裂纹扩展、岩体破碎和掏槽爆破效果的影响规律。⑤ 基于理论研究成果，开发了分阶分段掏槽爆破、掏槽孔超深爆破技术和切缝药包定向断裂爆破等技术，构建了精准、高效、安全的精细化爆破。研究成果对丰富和发展岩石爆破理论，服务深地开发国家战略具有重要意义。

关键词:

Invited Review

Research progress of the fundamental theory and technology of rock blasting

+ Author Affiliations

Abstract

Abstract

Investigating rock fragmentation mechanisms under blasting and developing new blasting technologies are important and challenging directions for blast engineering. Recently, with the development of experimental techniques, the fundamental theory of rock blasting has been extensively studied in the past few decades and has made important achievements in the full understanding of the rock fracturing process under blast loading. It is thus imperative to systematically review the progress in this direction. This paper mainly focuses on the experimental study of rock blasting, including the distribution characteristic of blast energy, evolution of the blast stress field, propagation mechanism of cracks, interaction mechanism between blast waves and cracks, and influence of geostatic stress on rock fragmentation. In addition, some newly developed blasting technologies and their applications are briefly presented. This review could provide comprehensive insights to guide the study on the rock fracturing mechanism under blasting and further provide meaningful guidance for optimizing blast parameters in engineering.
- rock blasting;
- stress waves;
- crack propagation;
- blasting technology

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References

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