以水玻璃为硅源制备珊瑚状SiC气凝胶及吸波、隔热性能研究

张鑫源; 夏晨康; 刘维海; 郝名远; 苗洋; 高峰

doi:10.1007/s12613-023-2605-x

Volume 30 Issue 7

Jul. 2023

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文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2023 > 30(7): 1375-1387

Xinyuan Zhang, Chenkang Xia, Weihai Liu, Mingyuan Hao, Yang Miao, and Feng Gao, Microwave absorption and thermal properties of coral-like SiC aerogel composites prepared by water glass as a silicon source, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 7, pp. 1375-1387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2605-x

Cite this article as:

Xinyuan Zhang, Chenkang Xia, Weihai Liu, Mingyuan Hao, Yang Miao, and Feng Gao, Microwave absorption and thermal properties of coral-like SiC aerogel composites prepared by water glass as a silicon source, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 7, pp. 1375-1387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2605-x

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研究论文

以水玻璃为硅源制备珊瑚状SiC气凝胶及吸波、隔热性能研究

太原理工大学材料科学与工程学院, 太原 030024, 中国

通讯作者:
苗洋 E-mail: miaoyang198781@163.com

文章亮点

(1) 采用以工业级水玻璃以溶胶凝胶法制备出珊瑚状多孔结构的SiC气凝胶。

(2) 通过在溶胶凝胶过程中调节Si、C摩尔比，进而调控SiC气凝胶的组织结构和化学成分。

(3) 系统地研究了SiC气凝胶化学成分和组织结构对吸波、隔热性能的影响规律。

中文摘要

电磁波吸收材料在军事、航空航天、通讯等领域有着广泛的应用。到目前为止，人们已经投入了大量的精力来开发具有强吸收、有效带宽和极薄特性的理想电磁波吸收材料。其中SiC气凝胶是轻质、耐高温吸波材料的研究热点。而目前制备SiC气凝胶均采用有机硅烷作为硅源，其成本昂贵并且具有毒性。本文使用水玻璃作为硅源成功制备了SiC气凝胶，通过在溶胶-凝胶过程中调节Si、C摩尔比，进而调控SiC气凝胶的组织结构和化学成分，并系统研究了化学成分和组织结构对微波吸收性能的影响。研究结果表明：SiC气凝胶吸波、隔热性能与其化学成分和组织结构密切相关，材料的损耗能力随着气凝胶中SiC晶相的增加而增加，气凝胶的多孔结构增加了材料内部对电磁波的反射，有助于提高材料的损耗能力。当Si/C摩尔比为1时，SiC气凝胶体系内作为结构支撑骨架的无定形SiO₂和SiC达到了良好的平衡，在保持了气凝胶结构的同时生成了SiC，具有有效的电磁波吸收能力，在12.88 GHz处具有−46.30 dB的反射损耗值和4.02 GHz的有效频带宽度。同时还具有良好的物理性质，密度为0.0444 g/cm³，热导率为0.0621 W/(m·K)，比表面积为1099 m²/g。这种具有电磁波吸收性能和低热导率的轻质材料可用作航天飞船和超音速飞行器的热防护材料。

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Research Article

Microwave absorption and thermal properties of coral-like SiC aerogel composites prepared by water glass as a silicon source

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Abstract

Abstract

As a heat-resistant wave-absorbing material, silicon carbide (SiC) aerogel has become a research hotspot at present. However, the most common silicon sources are organosilanes, which are costly and toxic. In this work, SiC aerogels were successfully prepared by using water glass as the silicon source. Specifically, the microstructure and chemical composition of SiC aerogels were controlled by adjusting the Si to C molar ratio during the sol–gel process, and the effect on SiC aerogel microwave absorption properties was investigated. The SiC aerogels prepared with Si : C molar ratio of 1:1 have an effective electromagnetic wave absorption capacity, with a minimum reflection loss value of −46.30 dB at 12.88 GHz and an effective frequency bandwidth of 4.02 GHz. They also have good physical properties, such as the density of 0.0444 g/cm³, the thermal conductivity of 0.0621 W/(m·K), and the specific surface area of 1099 m²/g. These lightweight composites with microwave-absorbing properties and low thermal conductivity can be used as thermal protection materials for space shuttles and reusable carriers.
- water glass;
- silicon carbide aerogel;
- microwave absorbing;
- thermal insulation performance

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