红砂岩断裂机理智能识别研究

刘子达; 李地元; 朱泉企; 张晨曦; 马金银; 赵君杰

doi:10.1007/s12613-023-2668-8

Volume 30 Issue 11

Nov. 2023

Turn off MathJax

图(15) / 表(1)

数据统计

计量

文章访问数: 1526
HTML全文浏览量: 235
PDF下载量: 57
被引次数: 0

文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2023 > 30(11): 2134-2146

Zida Liu, Diyuan Li, Quanqi Zhu, Chenxi Zhang, Jinyin Ma, and Junjie Zhao, Intelligent method to experimentally identify the fracture mechanism of red sandstone, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 11, pp. 2134-2146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2668-8

Cite this article as:

Zida Liu, Diyuan Li, Quanqi Zhu, Chenxi Zhang, Jinyin Ma, and Junjie Zhao, Intelligent method to experimentally identify the fracture mechanism of red sandstone, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 11, pp. 2134-2146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2668-8

Citation:

PDF( 8026 KB)

引用本文 PDF XML SpringerLink

研究论文

红砂岩断裂机理智能识别研究

中南大学资源与安全工程学院, 长沙 410083, 中国

通讯作者:
李地元 E-mail: diyuan.li@csu.edu.cn

文章亮点

(1) 获得了红砂岩在直接拉伸和变角剪试验下的拉伸及剪切断口细观形貌图像。

(2) 开发了深度学习模型，量化识别了红砂岩的细观拉伸和剪切断口特征。

(3) 开发的深度学习模型成功识别了红砂岩在单轴压缩和巴西劈裂下的断裂面破坏机理。

中文摘要

拉伸断裂和剪切断裂是岩石的主要破坏机理，深入分析这两类断裂模式有助于揭示岩石的破坏机理。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）已被广泛用于分析岩石的细观拉伸和剪切断裂机理。为了量化拉剪断裂机理，本研究提出了一种基于SEM图像和深度学习的方法来定量识别红砂岩中的拉伸和剪切断口。首先，对红砂岩进行直接拉伸和变角剪试验，获得了红砂岩的拉剪断口破坏面，并对其进行了SEM观察。其次，将获得的SEM图像用于开发深度学习模型（AlexNet，VGG13和SqueezeNet）。模型评估表明，VGG13为最佳模型，其测试准确率为0.985。而后，采用积分梯度算法对VGG13所学习到的红砂岩拉剪断口特征进行分析。最后，利用VGG13对红砂岩在单轴压缩和巴西劈裂试验后产生的岩石碎片破坏面上的拉剪断口分布和占比进行了识别，识别结果证明了该方法的可行性，表明该方法可以揭示岩石破坏机理。

关键词:

Research Article

Intelligent method to experimentally identify the fracture mechanism of red sandstone

+ Author Affiliations

Abstract

Abstract

Tensile and shear fractures are significant mechanisms for rock failure. Understanding the fractures that occur in rock can reveal rock failure mechanisms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been widely used to analyze tensile and shear fractures of rock on a mesoscopic scale. To quantify tensile and shear fractures, this study proposed an innovative method composed of SEM images and deep learning techniques to identify tensile and shear fractures in red sandstone. First, direct tensile and preset angle shear tests were performed for red sandstone to produce representative tensile and shear fracture surfaces, which were then observed by SEM. Second, these obtained SEM images were applied to develop deep learning models (AlexNet, VGG13, and SqueezeNet). Model evaluation showed that VGG13 was the best model, with a testing accuracy of 0.985. Third, the features of tensile and shear fractures of red sandstone learned by VGG13 were analyzed by the integrated gradient algorithm. VGG13 was then implemented to identify the distribution and proportion of tensile and shear fractures on the failure surfaces of rock fragments caused by uniaxial compression and Brazilian splitting tests. Results demonstrated the model feasibility and suggested that the proposed method can reveal rock failure mechanisms.
- tensile and shear fractures;
- rock failure;
- deep learning;
- scanning electron microscopy;
- red sandstone

FullText(HTML)

Supplements(1)

Supplementary Information-10.1007s12613-023-2668-8.docx

References(59)

References

[1]	B.R. Hacker and J.M. Christie, Brittle/ductile and plastic/cataclastic transitions in experimentally deformed and metamorphosed amphibolite, [in] A.G. Duba, W.B. Durham, J.W. Handin, and H.F. Wang, eds., The Brittle–Ductile Transition in Rocks, vol. 56, 1990, p. 127.
[2]	Y.J. Xia, H. Zhou, C.Q. Zhang, S.H. He, Y. Gao, and P. Wang, The evaluation of rock brittleness and its application: A review study, Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 26(2022), No. 1, p. 239. doi: 10.1080/19648189.2019.1655485
[3]	D.Y. Li, J.Y. Ma, Q.R. Wan, Q.Q. Zhu, and Z.Y. Han, Effect of thermal treatment on the fracture toughness and subcritical crack growth of granite in double-torsion test, Eng. Fract. Mech., 253(2021), art. No. 107903. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2021.107903
[4]	J.M. Ramsey and F.M. Chester, Hybrid fracture and the transition from extension fracture to shear fracture, Nature, 428(2004), No. 6978, p. 63. doi: 10.1038/nature02333
[5]	H.H. Einstein, Fractures: Tension and shear, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 54(2021), No. 7, p. 3389. doi: 10.1007/s00603-020-02243-8
[6]	S. Arshadnejad, K. Goshtasbi, and J. Aghazadeh, A model to determine hole spacing in the rock fracture process by non-explosive expansion material, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 18(2011), No. 5, p. 509. doi: 10.1007/s12613-011-0470-5
[7]	R.F. Yuan and Y.H. Li, Fractal analysis on the spatial distribution of acoustic emission in the failure process of rock specimens, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 16(2009), No. 1, p. 19. doi: 10.1016/S1674-4799(09)60004-2
[8]	M. Imani, H.R. Nejati, K. Goshtasbi, and A. Nazerigivi, Effect of brittleness on the micromechanical damage and failure pattern of rock specimens, Smart Struct. Syst., 29(2022), No. 4, p. 535. doi: 10.12989/sss.2022.29.4.535
[9]	Z.L. Zhou, L.H. Tan, W.Z. Cao, Z.Y. Zhou, and X. Cai, Fracture evolution and failure behaviour of marble specimens containing rectangular cavities under uniaxial loading, Eng. Fract. Mech., 184(2017), p. 183. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.08.029
[10]	B. Shen, The mechanism of fracture coalescence in compression—Experimental study and numerical simulation, Eng. Fract. Mech., 51(1995), No. 1, p. 73. doi: 10.1016/0013-7944(94)00201-R
[11]	Z.T. Bieniawski, Mechanism of brittle fracture of rock: Part I—theory of the fracture process, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 4(1967), No. 4, p. 395. doi: 10.1016/0148-9062(67)90030-7
[12]	H. Wagner, Deep mining: A rock engineering challenge, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 52(2019), No. 5, p. 1417. doi: 10.1007/s00603-019-01799-4
[13]	L.J. Dong, X.J. Tong, X.B. Li, J. Zhou, S.F. Wang, and B. Liu, Some developments and new insights of environmental problems and deep mining strategy for cleaner production in mines, J. Clean. Prod., 210(2019), p. 1562. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.291
[14]	E. Detournay, Mechanics of hydraulic fractures, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 48(2016), p. 311. doi: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-010814-014736
[15]	X.L. Su, D.Y. Li, Q.Q. Zhu, and J.Y. Ma, Experimental study of fatigue load effect on the hydraulic fracturing behavior of granite, Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 46(2023), No. 2, p. 540. doi: 10.1111/ffe.13883
[16]	F.Q. Gao, D. Stead, and H.P. Kang, Simulation of roof shear failure in coal mine roadways using an innovative UDEC Trigon approach, Comput. Geotech., 61(2014), p. 33. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.04.009
[17]	T.H. Ma, L. Wang, F.T. Suorineni, and C.N. Tang, Numerical analysis on failure modes and mechanisms of mine Pillars under shear loading, Shock. Vib., 2016(2016), p. 1. doi: 10.1155/2016/6195482
[18]	Z.L. Liu, C.D. Ma, and X.N. Wei, Electron scanning characteristics of rock materials under different loading methods: A review, Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energy Geo-resour., 8(2022), No. 2, p. 1. doi: 10.1007/s40948-022-00392-4
[19]	Q.B. Zhang and J. Zhao, Effect of loading rate on fracture toughness and failure micromechanisms in marble, Eng. Fract. Mech., 102(2013), p. 288. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2013.02.009
[20]	H.H. Einstein and W.S. Dershowitz, Tensile and shear fracturing in predominantly compressive stress fields—A review, Eng. Geol., 29(1990), No. 2, p. 149. doi: 10.1016/0013-7952(90)90004-K
[21]	Q.H. Rao, Z.Q. Sun, G.Y. Wang, J.C. Xu, and J.Y. Zhang, Microscopic characteristics of different fracture modes of brittle rock, J. Cent. South Univ. Technol., 8(2001), No. 3, p. 175. doi: 10.1007/s11771-001-0049-9
[22]	J.Y. Ding, J.D. Liu, C. Li, and H.Y. Yi, Failure mechanism of layered salt rock in three-point bending test, Appl. Mech. Mater., 256-259(2012), p. 48. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.256-259.48
[23]	Y.L. Chen, S.R. Wang, J. Ni, R. Azzam, and T.M. Fernández-steeger, An experimental study of the mechanical properties of granite after high temperature exposure based on mineral characteristics, Eng. Geol., 220(2017), p. 234. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.02.010
[24]	T.B. Yin, B.Q. Wu, C. Wang, and Y. Wu, Determination of dynamic tensile strength of microwave-induced basalt using Brazilian test, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 55(2022), No. 3, p. 1429. doi: 10.1007/s00603-020-02345-3
[25]	Z.L. Liu, C.D. Ma, X.A. Wei, and W.B. Xie, Experimental study of rock subjected to triaxial extension, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 55(2022), No. 2, p. 1069. doi: 10.1007/s00603-021-02660-3
[26]	D.Y. Li, X.L. Su, F.H. Gao, and Z.D. Liu, Experimental studies on physical and mechanical behaviors of heated rocks with pre-fabricated hole exposed to different cooling rates, Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energy Geo-resour., 8(2022), No. 4, art. No. 125. doi: 10.1007/s40948-022-00427-w
[27]	L.Q. Huang, J. Wang, A. Momeni, and S.F. Wang, Spalling fracture mechanism of granite subjected to dynamic tensile loading, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 31(2021), No. 7, p. 2116. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(21)65642-X
[28]	G.Y. Wang, R. Yu, D.F. Ma, et al., Failure characteristics and failure process investigation of fine-grained sandstone under impact load by ultrahigh speed DIC and SEM techniques, Int. J. Geomech., 22(2022), No. 7, art. No. 04022108. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002438
[29]	C.X. Zhang, D.Y. Li, J.Y. Ma, et al., Dynamic shear fracture behavior of rocks: Insights from three-dimensional digital image correlation technique, Eng. Fract. Mech., 277(2023), art. No. 109010. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2022.109010
[30]	Z.G. He, G.S. Li, S.C. Tian, H.Z. Wang, Z.H. Shen, and J.B. Li, SEM analysis on rock failure mechanism by supercritical CO₂ jet impingement, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 146(2016), p. 111. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2016.04.023
[31]	D.Y. Li, Z. Sun, T. Xie, X.B. Li, and P.G. Ranjith, Energy evolution characteristics of hard rock during triaxial failure with different loading and unloading paths, Eng. Geol., 228(2017), p. 270. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.08.006
[32]	Z.L. Zhou, X. Cai, D. Ma, L. Chen, S.F. Wang, and L.H. Tan, Dynamic tensile properties of sandstone subjected to wetting and drying cycles, Constr. Build. Mater., 182(2018), p. 215. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.056
[33]	A. Keneti and B.A. Sainsbury, Characterization of strain-burst rock fragments under a scanning electron microscope—An illustrative study, Eng. Geol., 246(2018), p. 12. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.09.025
[34]	R. Tao, M. Sharifzadeh, Y. Zhang, and X.T. Feng, Analysis of Mafic rocks Microstructure damage and failure Process under Compression Test Using Quantitative Scanning Electron Microscopy and Digital Images Processing, Eng. Fract. Mech., 231(2020), art. No. 107019. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.107019
[35]	Q. Jiang, B. Yang, F. Yan, D.P. Xu, G.L. Feng, and S.J. Li, Morphological features and fractography analysis for in situ spalling in the China Jinping underground laboratory with a 2400 m burial depth, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 118(2021), art. No. 104194. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2021.104194
[36]	L.T. Dou, K. Yang, and X.L. Chi, Fracture behavior and acoustic emission characteristics of sandstone samples with inclined precracks, Int. J. Coal Sci. Technol., 8(2021), No. 1, p. 77. doi: 10.1007/s40789-020-00344-x
[37]	S. Liu, J.Y. Xu, S.H. Liu, and P. Wang, Fractal study on the dynamic fracture of red sandstone after F–T cycles, Environ. Earth Sci., 81(2022), No. 5, p. 1. doi: 10.1007/s12665-022-10270-7
[38]	K.Q. Liu and M. Ostadhassan, Multi-scale fractal analysis of pores in shale rocks, J. Appl. Geophys., 140(2017), p. 1. doi: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2017.02.028
[39]	Y.M. Lai, K. Zhao, Z.W. He, et al., Fractal characteristics of rocks and mesoscopic fractures at different loading rates, Geomech. Energy Environ., 33(2023), art. No. 100431. doi: 10.1016/j.gete.2022.100431
[40]	B.X. Li, S. Yu, L. Yang, et al., Multiscale fracture characteristics and failure mechanism quantification method of cracked rock under true triaxial compression, Eng. Fract. Mech., 262(2022), art. No. 108257. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2022.108257
[41]	Y.F. Jiang, Z.M. Zhu, L.Y. Yu, L. Zhou, R.F. Zhang, and L.J. Ma, Investigation of the fracture characteristics of granite and green sandstone under different thermal treatments, Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., 118(2022), art. No. 103217. doi: 10.1016/j.tafmec.2021.103217
[42]	J.C. Chen, J.T. Li, J. Wang, Z.M. Shi, H. Lin, and X. Zhang, Investigation on the characteristics of fracture process zone under cyclic loading: Insights from macro-mesoscopic analysis, Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., 122(2022), art. No. 103616. doi: 10.1016/j.tafmec.2022.103616
[43]	Y. Liu, T.S. Ma, H. Wu, and P. Chen, Investigation on mechanical behaviors of shale cap rock for geological energy storage by linking macroscopic to mesoscopic failures, J. Energy Storage, 29(2020), art. No. 101326. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2020.101326
[44]	S.C. Wu, L. Chen, and Z.Q. Cheng, Macro and meso research on the zonal disintegration phenomenon and the mechanism of deep brittle rock mass, Eng. Fract. Mech., 211(2019), p. 254. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.02.023
[45]	A. Krizhevsky, I. Sutskever, and G.E. Hinton, ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks, Commun. ACM, 60(2017), No. 6, p. 84. doi: 10.1145/3065386
[46]	K. Simonyan and A. Zisserman, Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition, arXiv, (2014), art. No. 1409.1556. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.1409.1556
[47]	F.F. Li, A.R. He, Y. Song, et al., Deep learning for predictive mechanical properties of hot-rolled strip in complex manufacturing systems, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 6, p. 1093. doi: 10.1007/s12613-022-2536-y
[48]	F.N. Iandola, S. Han, M.W. Moskewicz, K. Ashraf, W.J. Dally, and K. Keutzer, SqueezeNet: AlexNet-level accuracy with 50x fewer parameters and <0.5MB model size, arXiv, (2016), art. No. 1602.07360. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.1602.07360
[49]	A. Paszke, S. Gross, F. Massa, et al., PyTorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library, arXiv, (2019), art. No. 1912.01703. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.1912.01703
[50]	Z.D. Liu and D.Y. Li, Intelligent hybrid model to classify failure modes of overstressed rock masses in deep engineering, J. Cent. South Univ., 30(2023), No. 1, p. 156. doi: 10.1007/s11771-022-5208-1
[51]	M. Sundararajan, A. Taly, and Q.Q. Yan, Axiomatic attribution for deep networks, [in] Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning, Sydney, 2017, p. 3319.
[52]	Z.D. Liu, D. Jahed Armaghani, P. Fakharian, et al., Rock strength estimation using several tree-based ML techniques, Comput. Model. Eng. Sci., 133(2022), No. 3, p. 799. doi: 10.32604/cmes.2022.021165
[53]	A. Basu, D.A. Mishra, and K. Roychowdhury, Rock failure modes under uniaxial compression, Brazilian, and point load tests, Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 72(2013), No. 3, p. 457. doi: 10.1007/s10064-013-0505-4
[54]	E.Hoek and C.D.Martin, Fracture initiation and propagation in intact rock—A review, J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 6(2014), No. 4, p. 287. doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2014.06.001
[55]	W.R. Wawersik and C. Fairhurst, A study of brittle rock fracture in laboratory compression experiments, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 7(1970), No. 5, p. 561. doi: 10.1016/0148-9062(70)90007-0
[56]	C.A. Tang, H. Liu, P.K.K. Lee, Y. Tsui, and L.G. Tham, Numerical studies of the influence of microstructure on rock failure in uniaxial compression—Part I: Effect of heterogeneity, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 37(2000), No. 4, p. 555. doi: 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00121-5
[57]	D.Y. Li, B. Li, Z.Y. Han, Q.Q. Zhu, and M. Liu, Evaluation of Bi-modular behavior of rocks subjected to uniaxial compression and Brazilian tensile testing, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 54(2021), No. 8, p. 3961. doi: 10.1007/s00603-021-02469-0
[58]	D.Y. Li and L.N.Y. Wong, The Brazilian disc test for rock mechanics applications: Review and new insights, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 46(2013), No. 2, p. 269. doi: 10.1007/s00603-012-0257-7
[59]	D.W. Hobbs, The tensile strength of rocks, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 1(1964), No. 3, p. 385. doi: 10.1016/0148-9062(64)90005-1

Relative Articles

Cited By

Proportional views

数据统计

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

留言板

数据统计

分享

计量

红砂岩断裂机理智能识别研究

文章亮点

中文摘要

Intelligent method to experimentally identify the fracture mechanism of red sandstone

Abstract

References

数据统计

Catalog