炼钢生产过程中钢液脱氧方法发展与展望

王仲亮; 包燕平

doi:10.1007/s12613-023-2740-4

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Zhongliang Wangand Yanping Bao, Development and prospects of molten steel deoxidation in steelmaking process, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 1, pp. 18-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2740-4

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Zhongliang Wangand Yanping Bao, Development and prospects of molten steel deoxidation in steelmaking process, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 1, pp. 18-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2740-4

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特约综述

炼钢生产过程中钢液脱氧方法发展与展望

北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室, 北京 100083, 中国

通讯作者:
包燕平 E-mail: baoyp@ustb.edu.cn

文章亮点

(1) 全面总结了炼钢过程钢液脱氧方法的变迁，并对技术发展进行了展望。

(2) 非铝脱氧轴承钢可以在保证低氧含量前提下，消除Ds类夹杂物，改善钢液流动性。

(3) 自然脱碳预脱氧生产的IF钢降低了吨钢铝耗和生产成本，显著提高了铸坯质量。

中文摘要

在传统长流程炼钢生产过程中，为完成脱硅、脱磷、脱碳和升温的任务，需要在转炉中吹入过量氧气，之后在精炼过程中加入合金元素脱氧。这不可避免地在钢液中残留了大量脱氧产物，影响钢的洁净度。随着用户对钢材性能要求的不断提高，降低钢液中的氧含量并保证其高洁净度是十分必要的。经过百余年的发展，钢中的全氧含量已从约100 × 10⁻⁶降低到约10 × 10⁻⁶，部分对全氧含量要求极为严苛的钢种可控制在5 × 10⁻⁶以下。当前已经形成了成熟稳定的钢液脱氧技术，但从另一角度而言，进一步降低钢中的氧含量对于提高钢材质量已不再具有明显作用。本研究团队通过对传统工艺进行全流程优化，开发了非铝脱氧轴承钢生产技术。该技术结合了硅锰预脱氧、LF炉扩散脱氧和真空终脱氧。与此同时，成功进行了采用自然脱碳预脱氧新方法生产IF钢的工业实验。结果表明，非铝脱氧可以将轴承钢中的氧含量控制在4 × 10⁻⁶–8 ×1 0⁻⁶之间，改变夹杂物的类型，消除了大颗粒Ds类夹杂物，显著改善了钢液的流动性，并获得更高的疲劳寿命。采用自然脱碳预脱氧生产的IF钢降低了吨钢铝耗和生产成本，显著提高了铸坯质量。

关键词:

Invited Review

Development and prospects of molten steel deoxidation in steelmaking process

Zhongliang Wang and
Yanping Bao

+ Author Affiliations

Abstract

Abstract

In the long traditional process of steelmaking, excess oxygen is blown into the converter, and alloying elements are used for deoxidation. This inevitably results in excessive deoxidation of products remaining within the steel liquid, affecting the cleanliness of the steel. With the increasing requirements for steel performance, reducing the oxygen content in the steel liquid and ensuring its high cleanliness is necessary. After more than a hundred years of development, the total oxygen content in steel has been reduced from approximately 100 × 10⁻⁶ to approximately 10 × 10⁻⁶, and it can be controlled below 5 × 10⁻⁶ in some steel grades. A relatively stable and mature deoxidation technology has been formed, but further reducing the oxygen content in steel is no longer significant for improving steel quality. Our research team developed a deoxidation technology for bearing steel by optimizing the entire conventional process. The technology combines silicon–manganese predeoxidation, ladle furnace diffusion deoxidation, and vacuum final deoxidation. We successfully conducted industrial experiments and produced interstitial-free steel with natural decarbonization predeoxidation. Non-aluminum deoxidation was found to control the oxygen content in bearing steel to between 4 × 10⁻⁶ and 8 × 10⁻⁶, altering the type of inclusions, eliminating large particle Ds-type inclusions, improving the flowability of the steel liquid, and deriving a higher fatigue life. The natural decarbonization predeoxidation of interstitial-free steel reduced aluminum consumption and production costs and significantly improved the quality of cast billets.
- steel deoxidation;
- deoxidizer;
- metallurgical equipment;
- bearing steel;
- IF steel

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