Abstract: Compared with traditional plastic forming, ultrasonic vibration plastic forming has the advantages of reducing the forming force and improving the surface quality of the workpiece. This technology has a very broad application prospect in industrial manufacturing. Researchers have conducted extensive research on the ultrasonic vibration plastic forming of metals and laid a deep foundation for the development of this field. In this review, metals were classified according to their crystal structures. The effects of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure of face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, and hexagonal close-packed metals during plastic forming and the mechanism underlying ultrasonic vibration forming were reviewed. The main challenges and future research direction of the ultrasonic vibration plastic forming of metals were also discussed.