钠离子电池用层状氧化物正极材料循环性能研究进展

吴劲频; 田俊行; 孙学义; 庄卫东

doi:10.1007/s12613-023-2776-5

Volume 31 Issue 7

Jul. 2024

Turn off MathJax

图(13) / 表(1)

数据统计

计量

文章访问数: 1501
HTML全文浏览量: 385
PDF下载量: 63
被引次数: 0

文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2024 > 31(7): 1720-1744

Jinpin Wu, Junhang Tian, Xueyi Sun, and Weidong Zhuang, Cycling performance of layered oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 7, pp. 1720-1744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2776-5

Cite this article as:

Jinpin Wu, Junhang Tian, Xueyi Sun, and Weidong Zhuang, Cycling performance of layered oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 7, pp. 1720-1744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2776-5

Citation:

PDF( 7020 KB)

引用本文 PDF XML SpringerLink

特约综述

钠离子电池用层状氧化物正极材料循环性能研究进展

1)
北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院，北京 100083，中国
2)
北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室，北京 100083，中国
3)
北京科技大学稀贵金属绿色回收与提取北京市重点实验室，北京 100083，中国

通讯作者:
孙学义 E-mail: sunxy@ustb.edu.cn

庄卫东 E-mail: wdzhuang@ustb.edu.cn

文章亮点

（1）总结了钠离子电池层状氧化物正极材料循环性能所面临的挑战

（2）详细介绍了层状氧化物正极材料循环性能的提升方法

（3）总结了针对层状氧化物正极材料循环性能的不同改性方法，展望了未来的研究方向

中文摘要

层状氧化物具有高容量、高工作电压、合成简单等优点，是一种前景广阔的钠离子电池正极材料。循环性能是评价电池应用前景的重要标准。然而，面对相变、空气稳定性、副反应和不可逆阴离子氧化还原等挑战，层状氧化物正极材料的循环性能仍然无法满足应用要求。因此，本综述总结了应对这些挑战的几种策略。首先从单个阳离子掺杂、单个阴离子掺杂、多个离子掺杂三个方面介绍体相掺杂。其次，对表面均匀包覆和浓度梯度改性进行了详细介绍。此外，还介绍了混合结构设计、颗粒工程、高熵材料开发、综合改性等方法。最后，本文对层状氧化物正极材料的开发和改性进行了总结和展望，希望对层状氧化物正极材料的研究提供新的思路。

关键词:

Invited Review

Cycling performance of layered oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries

+ Author Affiliations

1)
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2)
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3)
Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Recovery and Extraction of Rare and Precious Metals, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Weidong Zhuang is editorial board members for this journal and not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that they have no financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Corresponding authors:
Xueyi Sun E-mail: sunxy@ustb.edu.cn

Weidong Zhuang E-mail: wdzhuang@ustb.edu.cn
Received: 14 August 2023; Revised: 31 October 2023; Accepted: 2 November 2023; Available online: 3 November 2023

Abstract

Abstract

Layered oxide is a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries because of its high-capacity, high operating voltage, and simple synthesis. Cycling performance is an important criterion for evaluating the application prospects of batteries. However, facing challenges, including phase transitions, ambient stability, side reactions, and irreversible anionic oxygen activity, the cycling performance of layered oxide cathode materials still cannot meet the application requirements. Therefore, this review proposes several strategies to address these challenges. First, bulk doping is introduced from three aspects: cationic single doping, anionic single doping, and multi-ion doping. Second, homogeneous surface coating and concentration gradient modification are reviewed. In addition, methods such as mixed structure design, particle engineering, high-entropy material construction, and integrated modification are proposed. Finally, a summary and outlook provide a new horizon for developing and modifying layered oxide cathode materials.
- sodium-ion battery;
- layered oxide materials;
- cycling performance;
- bulking doping;
- surface coating;
- concentration gradient;
- mixed structure;
- high-entropy

FullText(HTML)

Supplements(0)

References(115)

References

[1]	H. Xu, Q. Yan, W.J. Yao, C.S. Lee, and Y.B. Tang, Mainstream optimization strategies for cathode materials of sodium-ion batteries, Small Struct., 3(2022), No. 4, art. No. 2100217. doi: 10.1002/sstr.202100217
[2]	Y.J. Fang, X.Y. Yu, and X.W. Lou, A practical high-energy cathode for sodium-ion batteries based on uniform P2-Na_0.7CoO₂ microspheres, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 56(2017), No. 21, p. 5801. doi: 10.1002/anie.201702024
[3]	J. Wang, Y.F. Yuan, X.H. Rao, et al., Realizing high-performance Na₃V₂(PO4)₂O₂F cathode for sodium-ion batteries via Nb-doping, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 10, p. 1859. doi: 10.1007/s12613-023-2666-x
[4]	C. Delmas, C. Fouassier, and P. Hagenmuller, Structural classification and properties of the layered oxides, Physica B+C, 99(1980), No. 1–4, p. 81.
[5]	C.L. Zhao, M. Avdeev, L.Q. Chen, and Y.S. Hu, An O3-type Oxide with Low Sodium Content as the Phase-Transition-Free Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 57(2018), No. 24, p. 7056. doi: 10.1002/anie.201801923
[6]	C.L. Zhao, Q.D. Wang, Z.P. Yao, et al., Rational design of layered oxide materials for sodium-ion batteries, Science, 370(2020), No. 6517, p. 708. doi: 10.1126/science.aay9972
[7]	X.H. Ma, H.L. Chen, and G. Ceder, Electrochemical properties of monoclinic NaMnO₂, J. Electrochem. Soc., 158(2011), No. 12, art. No. A1307. doi: 10.1149/2.035112jes
[8]	S. Komaba, T. Nakayama, A. Ogata, et al., Electrochemically reversible sodium intercalation of layered NaNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ and NaCrO₂, ECS Trans., 16(2009), No. 42, p. 43. doi: 10.1149/1.3112727
[9]	N. Yabuuchi, M. Kajiyama, J. Iwatate, et al., P2-type Na_x[Fe_1/2Mn_1/2]O₂ made from earth-abundant elements for rechargeable Na batteries, Nat. Mater., 11(2012), No. 6, p. 512. doi: 10.1038/nmat3309
[10]	X.H. Rong, E.Y. Hu, Y.X. Lu, et al., Anionic redox reaction-induced high-capacity and low-strain cathode with suppressed phase transition, Joule, 3(2019), No. 2, p. 503. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.10.022
[11]	Q. Wang, S. Mariyappan, G. Rousse, et al., Unlocking anionic redox activity in O3-type sodium 3d layered oxides via Li substitution, Nat. Mater., 20(2021), No. 3, p. 353. doi: 10.1038/s41563-020-00870-8
[12]	J.Y. Hwang, J. Kim, T.Y. Yu, and Y.K. Sun, A new P2-type layered oxide cathode with extremely high energy density for sodium-ion batteries, Adv. Energy Mater., 9(2019), No. 15, art. No. 1803346. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201803346
[13]	Z.H. Wu, Y.X. Ni, S. Tan, et al., Realizing high capacity and zero strain in layered oxide cathodes via lithium dual-site substitution for sodium-ion batteries, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 145(2023), No. 17, p. 9596. doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c00117
[14]	F.B. Spingler, M. Naumann, and A. Jossen, Capacity recovery effect in commercial LiFePO₄/graphite cells, J. Electrochem. Soc., 167(2020), No. 4, art. No. 040526. doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/ab7900
[15]	Q.W. Chen, S. Chen, L.L. Zhao, J.Z. Ma, H.S. Wang, and J.T. Zhang, Interface coating of iron nitride on carbon cloth for reversible lithium redox in rechargeable battery, Chem. Eng. J., 431(2022), art. No. 133961. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.133961
[16]	X.L. Cui, S.M. Wang, X.S. Ye, et al., Insights into the improved cycle and rate performance by ex-situ F and in-situ Mg dual doping of layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries, Energy Storage Mater., 45(2022), p. 1153. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2021.11.016
[17]	W.K. Pang, S. Kalluri, V.K. Peterson, et al., Interplay between electrochemistry and phase evolution of the P2-type Na_x(Fe_1/2Mn_1/2)O₂ cathode for use in sodium-ion batteries, Chem. Mater., 27(2015), No. 8, p. 3150. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00943
[18]	V. Duffort, E. Talaie, R. Black, and L.F. Nazar, Uptake of CO₂ in layered P2-Na_0.67Mn_0.5Fe_0.5O₂: Insertion of carbonate anions, Chem. Mater., 27(2015), No. 7, p. 2515. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00097
[19]	Y. You, A. Dolocan, W.D. Li, and A. Manthiram, Understanding the air-exposure degradation chemistry at a nanoscale of layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries, Nano Lett., 19(2019), No. 1, p. 182. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03637
[20]	C.L. Xu, H.R. Cai, Q.L. Chen, X.Q. Kong, H.L. Pan, and Y.S. Hu, Origin of air-stability for transition metal oxide cathodes in sodium-ion batteries, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 14(2022), No. 4, p. 5338. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c21103
[21]	T.Y. Song, C.C. Wang, and C.S. Lee, Structural degradation mechanisms and modulation technologies of layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries, Carbon Neutralization, 1(2022), No. 1, p. 68. doi: 10.1002/cnl2.7
[22]	Y. Zhang, M.M. Wu, J.W. Ma, et al., Revisiting the Na_2/3Ni_1/3Mn_2/3O₂ cathode: Oxygen redox chemistry and oxygen release suppression, ACS Cent. Sci., 6(2020), No. 2, p. 232. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01166
[23]	M.D. Jiang, G.N. Qian, X.Z. Liao, et al., Revisiting the capacity-fading mechanism of P2-type sodium layered oxide cathode materials during high-voltage cycling, J. Energy Chem., 69(2022), p. 16. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2022.01.010
[24]	R. House, U. Maitra, L.Y. Jin, et al., What triggers oxygen loss in oxygen redox cathode materials?, Chem. Mater., 31(2019), No. 9, p. 3293. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b00227
[25]	Y.C. Liu, C.C. Wang, S. Zhao, et al., Mitigation of Jahn–Teller distortion and Na⁺/vacancy ordering in a distorted manganese oxide cathode material by Li substitution, Chem. Sci., 12(2021), No. 3, p. 1062. doi: 10.1039/D0SC05427E
[26]	L.J. Wang, Y.Z. Wang, J.B. Zhao, Y.H. Li, J.L. Wang, and X.H. Yang, Nb⁵⁺-doped P2-type Mn-based layered oxide cathode with an excellent high-rate cycling stability for sodium-ion batteries, Ionics, 25(2019), No. 10, p. 4775. doi: 10.1007/s11581-019-03035-z
[27]	J.L. Zhang, J.B. Kim, J. Zhang, et al., Regulating Pseudo–Jahn–Teller effect and superstructure in layered cathode materials for reversible alkali-ion intercalation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 144(2022), No. 17, p. 7929. doi: 10.1021/jacs.2c02875
[28]	J.L. Zhang, W.H. Wang, W. Wang, S.W. Wang, and B.H. Li, Comprehensive review of P2-type Na_2/3Ni_1/3Mn_2/3O₂, a potential cathode for practical application of Na-ion batteries, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 11(2019), No. 25, p. 22051. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b03937
[29]	Y.L. Liu, D. Wang, H.Y. Li, et al., Research progress in O3-type phase Fe/Mn/Cu-based layered cathode materials for sodium ion batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A, 10(2022), No. 8, p. 3869. doi: 10.1039/D1TA10329F
[30]	H. Fang, H.C. Ji, J.J. Zhai, et al., Mitigating jahn–teller effect in layered cathode material via interstitial doping for high-performance sodium-ion batteries, Small, 19(2023), No. 35, art. No. 2301360. doi: 10.1002/smll.202301360
[31]	X.H. Yang, Y.Z. Wang, J.L. Wang, J.Y. Deng, and X. Zhang, Superior cyclability of Ce-doped P2-Na_0.67Co_0.20Mn_0.80O₂ cathode for sodium storage, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 148(2021), art. No. 109750. doi: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2020.109750
[32]	W.C. Qin, Y. Liu, J.F. Liu, Z.H. Yang, and Q.Q. Liu, Boosting the ionic transport and structural stability of Zn-doped O3-type NaNi_1/3Mn_1/3Fe_1/3O₂ cathode material for half/full sodium-ion batteries, Electrochim. Acta, 418(2022), art. No. 140357. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140357
[33]	L. Zhang, T. Yuan, L.K. Soule, et al., Enhanced ionic transport and structural stability of Nb-doped O3-NaFe_0.55Mn_{0.45– x}Nb_xO₂ cathode material for long-lasting sodium-ion batteries, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 3(2020), No. 4, p. 3770. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00238
[34]	H. Zhao, J.Z. Li, W.P. Liu, et al., Integrated titanium-substituted air stable O3 sodium layered oxide electrode via a complexant assisted route for high capacity sodium-ion battery, Electrochim. Acta, 388(2021), art. No. 138561. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138561
[35]	Y.H. Feng, Z.W. Cheng, C.L. Xu, et al., Low-cost Al-doped layered cathodes with improved electrochemical performance for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 14(2022), No. 20, p. 23465. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c03469
[36]	J. Feng, S.H. Luo, J.C. Wang, et al., Stable electrochemical properties of magnesium-doped co-free layered P2-type Na_0.67Ni_0.33Mn_0.67O₂ cathode material for sodium ion batteries, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 10(2022), No. 15, p. 4994. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c00197
[37]	W. Ko, M.K. Cho, J. Kang, et al., Exceptionally increased reversible capacity of O3-type NaCrO₂ cathode by preventing irreversible phase transition, Energy Storage Mater., 46(2022), p. 289. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2022.01.023
[38]	Y.F. Wen, J.J. Fan, C.G. Shi, et al., Probing into the working mechanism of Mg versus Co in enhancing the electrochemical performance of P2-Type layered composite for sodium-ion batteries, Nano Energy, 60(2019), p. 162. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.02.074
[39]	G.Q. Su, L.J. Li, Z. Shi, X.B. Ma, L. Ma, and Z.J. Cao, Boosting anionic redox through lithium doping in P2-layered cathode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries, Appl. Surf. Sci., 608(2023), art. No. 155097. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155097
[40]	L.J. Li, G.Q. Su, C. Lu, et al., Effect of lithium doping in P2-Type layered oxide cathodes on the electrochemical performances of Sodium-Ion batteries, Chem. Eng. J., 446(2022), art. No. 136923. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.136923
[41]	Z.Y. Li, X.B. Ma, K. Sun, L.F. He, Y.Q. Li, and D.F. Chen, Na_2/3Li_1/9[Ni_2/9Li_1/9Mn_2/3]O₂: A high-performance solid-solution reaction layered oxide cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 5(2022), No. 1, p. 1126. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.1c03483
[42]	Q. Huang, M.Y. Wang, L. Zhang, et al., Shear-resistant interface of layered oxide cathodes for sodium ion batteries, Energy Storage Mater., 45(2022), p. 389. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2021.11.041
[43]	L.T. Yang, L.Y. Kuo, J.M. López del Amo, et al., Structural aspects of P2-type Na_0.67Mn_0.6Ni_0.2Li_0.2O₂ (MNL) stabilization by lithium defects as a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, Adv. Funct. Mater., 31(2021), No. 38, art. No. 2102939. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202102939
[44]	Y.S. Wang, Z.M. Feng, P.X. Cui, et al., Pillar-beam structures prevent layered cathode materials from destructive phase transitions, Nat. Commun., 12(2021), No. 1, art. No. 13. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20169-1
[45]	C.C. Wang, L.J. Liu, S. Zhao, et al., Tuning local chemistry of P2 layered-oxide cathode for high energy and long cycles of sodium-ion battery, Nat. Commun., 12(2021), No. 1, art. No. 2256. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22523-3
[46]	G.X. Tang, Z.W. Chen, Z.Y. Lin, et al., K⁺-doped P2-Na_0.67Fe_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ cathode for highly enhanced rate performance sodium-ion battery, J. Alloys Compd., 947(2023), art. No. 169482. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.169482
[47]	X.Y. Li, J.Z. Miao, H.W. Long, et al., Sodium-storage performance of K⁺-intercalated Na_xCu_0.2Mn_0.8O₂, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 5(2022), No. 3, p. 2758. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.1c03324
[48]	Q. Zhang, Y.Y. Huang, Y. Liu, et al., F-doped O₃-NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ as high-performance cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, Sci. China Mater., 60(2017), No. 7, p. 629. doi: 10.1007/s40843-017-9045-9
[49]	H.L. Hu, H.C. He, R.K. Xie, et al., Achieving reversible Mn²⁺/Mn⁴⁺ double redox couple through anionic substitution in a P2-type layered oxide cathode, Nano Energy, 99(2022), art. No. 107390. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107390
[50]	G.L. Liu, W.L. Xu, J.H. Wu, et al., Unlocking high-rate O3 layered oxide cathode for Na-ion batteries via ion migration path modulation, J. Energy Chem., 83(2023), p. 53. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2023.04.029
[51]	S.Q. Liu, B.Y. Wang, X. Zhang, S. Zhao, Z.H. Zhang, and H.J. Yu, Reviving the lithium-manganese-based layered oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries, Matter, 4(2021), No. 5, p. 1511. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.023
[52]	K. Liu, S.S. Tan, J. Moon, et al., Insights into the enhanced cycle and rate performances of the F-substituted P2-type oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries, Adv. Energy Mater., 10(2020), No. 19, art. No. 2000135. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202000135
[53]	H. Chen, Z.G. Wu, Y.J. Zhong, et al., Boosting the reactivity of Ni²⁺/Ni³⁺ redox couple via fluorine doping of high performance Na_0.6Mn_0.95Ni_0.05O_{2- x}F_x cathode, Electrochim. Acta, 308(2019), p. 64. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.003
[54]	C.J. Zhou, L.C. Yang, C.G. Zhou, et al., Fluorine-substituted O3-type NaNi_0.4Mn_0.25Ti_0.3Co_0.05O_{2− x}F_x cathode with improved rate capability and cyclic stability for sodium-ion storage at high voltage, J. Energy Chem., 60(2021), p. 341. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2021.01.038
[55]	W.P. Kang, P. Ma, Z.N. Liu, et al., Tunable electrochemical activity of P2-Na_0.6Mn_0.7Ni_0.3O_{2– x}F_x microspheres as high-rate cathodes for high-performance sodium ion batteries, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 13(2021), No. 13, p. 15333. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c02216
[56]	S.Y. Chu, D. Kim, G. Choi, et al., Revealing the origin of transition-metal migration in layered sodium-ion battery cathodes: Random Na extraction and Na-free layer formation, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 62(2023), No. 12, art. No. e202216174. doi: 10.1002/anie.202216174
[57]	H.R. Yao, P.F. Wang, Y. Gong, et al., Designing air-stable O₃-type cathode materials by combined structure modulation for Na-ion batteries, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 139(2017), No. 25, p. 8440. doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b05176
[58]	H.R. Shi, J.Y. Li, M.J. Liu, et al., Multiple strategies toward advanced P2-type layered Na_xMnO₂ for low-cost sodium-ion batteries, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 4(2021), No. 8, p. 8183. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01449
[59]	R. Qi, M.H. Chu, W.G. Zhao, et al., A highly-stable layered Fe/Mn-based cathode with ultralow strain for advanced sodium-ion batteries, Nano Energy, 88(2021), art. No. 106206. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106206
[60]	Q. Liu, W. Zheng, G.Y. Liu, et al., Realizing high-performance cathodes with cationic and anionic redox reactions in high-sodium-content P2-type oxides for sodium-ion batteries, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 15(2023), No. 7, p. 9324. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c20642
[61]	G.Q. Su, H.Q. Zheng, H. Chen, and S. Bao, Ca/Mg dual-doping P2-type Na_0.67Ni_0.17Co_0.17Mn_0.66O₂ cathode material for sodium ion batteries, Mater. Lett., 331(2023), art. No. 133425. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2022.133425
[62]	K. Kubota, T. Asari, and S. Komaba, Impact of Ti and Zn dual-substitution in P2 type Na_2/3Ni_1/3Mn_2/3O₂ on Ni–Mn and Na-vacancy ordering and electrochemical properties, Adv. Mater., 35(2023), No. 26, art. No. 2300714. doi: 10.1002/adma.202300714
[63]	I. Lee, G. Oh, S. Lee, et al., Cationic and transition metal co-substitution strategy of O₃-type NaCrO₂ cathode for high-energy sodium-ion batteries, Energy Storage Mater., 41(2021), p. 183. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2021.05.046
[64]	T.L. Zhang, H.C. Ji, X.H. Hou, et al., Promoting the performances of P2-type sodium layered cathode by inducing Na site rearrangement, Nano Energy, 100(2022), art. No. 107482. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107482
[65]	Y.X. Zhang, G.Q. Liu, C. Su, et al., Study on the influence of Cu/F dual-doping on the Fe–Mn based compound as cathode material for sodium ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 536(2022), art. No. 231511. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231511
[66]	M.S. Chae, H.J. Kim, J. Lyoo, et al., Anomalous sodium storage behavior in Al/F dual-doped P2-type sodium manganese oxide cathode for sodium-ion batteries, Adv. Energy Mater., 10(2020), No. 43, art. No. 2002205. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202002205
[67]	P.F. Zhou, J. Zhang, Z.N. Che, et al., Insights into the enhanced structure stability and electrochemical performance of Ti⁴⁺/F⁻ co-doped P2-Na_0.67Ni_0.33Mn_0.67O₂ cathodes for sodium ion batteries at high voltage, J. Energy Chem., 67(2022), p. 655. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2021.10.032
[68]	R.H. Nie, H.X. Chen, Y.T. Yang, C. Li, and H.M. Zhou, High-voltage layered manganese-based oxide cathode with excellent rate capability enabled by K/F co-doping, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 6(2023), No. 4, p. 2358. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.2c03613
[69]	B. Peng, G.L. Wan, N. Ahmad, L. Yu, X.Y. Ma, and G.Q. Zhang, Recent progress in the emerging modification strategies for layered oxide cathodes toward practicable sodium ion batteries Adv. Energy Mater., 13(2023), No. 27, art. No. 2300334.
[70]	L.Y. Yang, S.W. Sun, K. Du, et al., Prompting structure stability of O3-NaNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ via effective surface regulation based on atomic layer deposition, Ceram. Int., 47(2021), No. 20, p. 28521. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.07.009
[71]	M.Z. Leng, J.Q. Bi, W.L. Wang, et al., Ultrathin MgO coating on fabricated O3-NaNi_0.45Mn_0.3Ti_0.2Zr_0.05O₂ composite cathode via magnetron sputtering for enhanced kinetic and durable sodium-ion batteries, J. Alloys Compd., 855(2021), art. No. 157533. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157533
[72]	K. Kaliyappan, T. Or, Y.P. Deng, Y.F. Hu, Z.Y. Bai, and Z.W. Chen, Constructing safe and durable high-voltage P2 layered cathodes for sodium ion batteries enabled by molecular layer deposition of alucone, Adv. Funct. Mater., 30(2020), No. 17, art. No. 1910251. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201910251
[73]	S. Bao, S.H. Luo, and J.L. Lu, Preparation and optimization of ZrO₂ modified P2-type Na_2/3Ni_1/6Co_1/6Mn_2/3O₂ with enhanced electrochemical performance as cathode for sodium ion batteries, Ceram. Int., 46(2020), No. 10, p. 16080. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.160
[74]	Y.Z. Wang and J.T. Tang, CeO₂-modified P2-Na–Co–Mn–O cathode with enhanced sodium storage characteristics, RSC Adv., 8(2018), No. 43, p. 24143. doi: 10.1039/C8RA04210A
[75]	Y.J. Chang, G.H. Xie, Y.M. Zhou, et al., Enhancing storage performance of P2-type Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂ cathode materials by Al₂O₃ coating, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 32(2022), No. 1, p. 262. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(22)65792-3
[76]	Y.Q. Shao, X.X. Wang, B.C. Li, et al., Functional surface modification of P2-type layered Mn-based oxide cathode by thin layer of NASICON for sodium-ion batteries, Electrochim. Acta, 442(2023), art. No. 141915. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141915
[77]	D. Lu, Z.J. Yao, Y. Zhong, et al., Polypyrrole-coated sodium manganate hollow microspheres as a superior cathode for sodium ion batteries, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 11(2019), No. 17, p. 15630. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b02555
[78]	K. Kaliyappan, G.R. Li, L. Yang, Z.Y. Bai, and Z.W. Chen, An ion conductive polyimide encapsulation: New insight and significant performance enhancement of sodium based P2 layered cathodes, Energy Storage Mater., 22(2019), p. 168. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.010
[79]	J.L. Lin, Q. Huang, K. Dai, et al., Mitigating interfacial instability of high-voltage sodium layered oxide cathodes with coordinative polymeric structure, J. Power Sources, 552(2022), art. No. 232235. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232235
[80]	T.C. Liu, L. Yu, J. Lu, et al., Rational design of mechanically robust Ni-rich cathode materials via concentration gradient strategy, Nat. Commun., 12(2021), No. 1, art. No. 6024. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26290-z
[81]	N.S. Gao, Y.W. Guo, Y.H. Chen, et al., Improved electrochemical performance of P2-type concentration-gradient cathode material Na_0.65Ni_0.16Co_0.14Mn_0.7O₂ with Mn-rich core for sodium-ion batteries, J. Alloys Compd., 958(2023), art. No. 170386. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170386
[82]	J.Y. Hwang, S.M. Oh, S.T. Myung, K.Y. Chung, I. Belharouak, and Y.K. Sun, Radially aligned hierarchical columnar structure as a cathode material for high energy density sodium-ion batteries, Nat. Commun., 6(2015), art. No. 6865. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7865
[83]	S. Bao, S.H. Luo, Z.Y. Wang, S.X. Yan, Q. Wang, and J.Y. Li, Novel P2-type concentration-gradient Na_0.67Ni_0.167Co_0.167Mn_0.67O₂ modified by Mn-rich surface as cathode material for sodium ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 396(2018), p. 404. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.06.050
[84]	S.H. Guo, Q. Li, P. Liu, M.W. Chen, and H.S. Zhou, Environmentally stable interface of layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries, Nat. Commun., 8(2017), No. 1, art. No. 135. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00157-8
[85]	C. Hakim, H.D. Asfaw, R. Younesi, D. Brandell, K. Edström, and I. Saadoune, Development of P2 or P2/P3 cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries by controlling the Ni and Mn contents in Na_0.7Co_xMn_yNi_zO₂ layered oxide, Electrochim. Acta, 438(2023), art. No. 141540. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141540
[86]	B.W. Xiao, X. Liu, M. Song, et al., A general strategy for batch development of high-performance and cost-effective sodium layered cathodes, Nano Energy, 89(2021), art. No. 106371. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106371
[87]	J.M. Feng, D. Fang, Z. Yang, et al., A novel P2/O3 composite cathode toward synergistic electrochemical optimization for sodium ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 553(2023), art. No. 232292. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232292
[88]	L.Z. Yu, Z.W. Cheng, K. Xu, et al., Interlocking biphasic chemistry for high-voltage P2/O3 sodium layered oxide cathode, Energy Storage Mater., 50(2022), p. 730. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2022.06.012
[89]	J. Darga and A. Manthiram, Facile synthesis of O3-type NaNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ single crystals with improved performance in sodium-ion batteries, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 14(2022), No. 47, p. 52729. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c12098
[90]	J. Lamb, K. Jarvis, and A. Manthiram, Molten-salt synthesis of O3-Type layered oxide single crystal cathodes with controlled morphology towards long-life sodium-ion batteries, Small, 18(2022), No. 43, art. No. 2106927. doi: 10.1002/smll.202106927
[91]	B. Peng, Z.H. Zhou, J. Xu, et al., Crystal facet design in layered oxide cathode enables low-temperature sodium-ion batteries, ACS Materials Lett., 5(2023), No. 8, p. 2233. doi: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00625
[92]	Y. Xiao, P.F. Wang, Y.X. Yin, et al., Exposing{010}active facets by multiple-layer oriented stacking nanosheets for high-performance capacitive sodium-ion oxide cathode, Adv. Mater., 30(2018), No. 40, art. No. 1803765. doi: 10.1002/adma.201803765
[93]	F.P. Zhang, Y. Lu, Y. Guo, et al., Highly stabilized single-crystal P2-type layered oxides obtained via rational crystal orientation modulation for sodium-ion batteries, Chem. Eng. J., 458(2023), art. No. 141515. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.141515
[94]	N. Bucher, S. Hartung, A. Nagasubramanian, Y.L. Cheah, H.E. Hoster, and S. Madhavi, Layered Na_xMnO_{2+ z} in sodium ion batteries-influence of morphology on cycle performance, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6(2014), No. 11, p. 8059. doi: 10.1021/am406009t
[95]	K. Kaliyappan, W. Xaio, T.K. Sham, and X.L. Sun, High tap density co and Ni containing P2-Na_0.66MnO₂ buckyballs: A promising high voltage cathode for stable sodium-ion batteries, Adv. Funct. Mater., 28(2018), No. 32, art. No. 1801898. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201801898
[96]	S. Wang, F. Chen, X.D. He, et al., Self-template synthesis of NaCrO₂ submicrospheres for stable sodium storage, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 13(2021), No. 10, p. 12203. doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c23069
[97]	Y.C. Liu, Q.Y. Shen, X.D. Zhao, et al., Hierarchical engineering of porous P2-Na_2/3Ni_1/3Mn_2/3O₂ nanofibers assembled by nanoparticles enables superior sodium-ion storage cathodes, Adv. Funct. Mater., 30(2020), No. 6, art. No. 1907837. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201907837
[98]	L.W. Liang, X. Sun, D.K. Denis, et al., Ultralong layered NaCrO₂ nanowires: A competitive wide-temperature-operating cathode for extraordinary high-rate sodium-ion batteries, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 11(2019), No. 4, p. 4037. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b20149
[99]	S. Kalluri, K.H. Seng, W.K. Pang, et al., Electrospun P2-type Na_2/3(Fe_1/2Mn_1/2)O₂ hierarchical nanofibers as cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6(2014), No. 12, p. 8953. doi: 10.1021/am502343s
[100]	M.J. Aragón, P. Lavela, G. Ortiz, R. Alcántara, and J.L. Tirado, Nanometric P2-Na_2/3Fe_1/3Mn_2/3O₂ with controlled morphology as cathode for sodium-ion batteries, J. Alloys Compd., 724(2017), p. 465. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.044
[101]	J. Molenda, A. Milewska, W. Zając, et al., Impact of O3/P3 phase transition on the performance of the Na_xTi_1/6Mn_1/6Fe_1/6Co_1/6Ni_1/6Cu_1/6O₂ cathode material for Na-ion batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A, 11(2023), No. 8, p. 4248. doi: 10.1039/D2TA08431G
[102]	C.L. Zhao, F.X. Ding, Y.X. Lu, L.Q. Chen, and Y.S. Hu, High-entropy layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 59(2020), No. 1, p. 264. doi: 10.1002/anie.201912171
[103]	Z.Y. Gu, J.Z. Guo, J.M. Cao, et al., An advanced high-entropy fluorophosphate cathode for sodium-ion batteries with increased working voltage and energy density, Adv. Mater., 34(2022), No. 14, art. No. 2110108. doi: 10.1002/adma.202110108
[104]	B.S. Murty, J.W. Yeh, and S. Ranganathan, High Entropy Alloys, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2014.
[105]	A. Sarkar, Q.S. Wang, A. Schiele, et al., High-entropy oxides: Fundamental aspects and electrochemical properties, Adv. Mater., 31(2019), No. 26, art. No. 1806236. doi: 10.1002/adma.201806236
[106]	G. Anand, A.P. Wynn, C.M. Handley, and C.L. Freeman, Phase stability and distortion in high-entropy oxides, Acta Mater., 146(2018), p. 119. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.12.037
[107]	K. Walczak, A. Plewa, C. Ghica, et al., NaMn_0.2Fe_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Ti_0.2O₂ high-entropy layered oxide–experimental and theoretical evidence of high electrochemical performance in sodium batteries, Energy Storage Mater., 47(2022), p. 500. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2022.02.038
[108]	P.F. Zhou, Z.N. Che, J. Liu, et al., High-entropy P2/O3 biphasic cathode materials for wide-temperature rechargeable sodium-ion batteries, Energy Storage Mater., 57(2023), p. 618. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2023.03.007
[109]	W.L. Xu, R.B. Dang, L. Zhou, et al., Conversion of surface residual alkali to solid electrolyte to enable Na-ion full cells with robust interfaces, Adv. Mater., 35(2023), No. 42, art. No. 2301314. doi: 10.1002/adma.202301314
[110]	X.Y. Li, L.W. Liang, M.S. Su, et al., Multi-level modifications enabling chemomechanically stable Ni-rich O3-Layered cathode toward wide-temperature-tolerance quasi-solid-state Na-ion batteries, Adv. Energy Mater., 13(2023), No. 9, art. No. 2203701. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202203701
[111]	X.C. Feng, Y. Li, Q.H. Shi, et al., A comprehensive modification enables the high rate capability of P2-Na_0.75Mn_0.67Ni_0.33O₂ for sodium-ion cathode materials, J. Energy Chem., 69(2022), p. 442. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2022.01.032
[112]	S.Y. Zhao, Q.H. Shi, R.J. Qi, et al., NaTi₂(PO₄)₃ modified O3-type NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ as high rate and air stable cathode for sodium-ion batteries, Electrochim. Acta, 441(2023), art. No. 141859. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141859
[113]	H.B. Wang, F.X. Ding, Y.Q. Wang, et al. , In situ plastic-crystal-coated cathode toward high-performance Na-ion batteries, ACS Energy Lett., 8(2023), No. 3, p. 1434. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00009
[114]	M.L. Xu, M.C. Liu, Z.Z. Yang, C. Wu, and J.F. Qian, Research progress on presodiation strategies for high energy sodium-ion batteries, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin., 39(2023), No. 3, art. No. 2210043.
[115]	P.Y. Li, N.Q. Hu, J.Y. Wang, S.C. Wang, and W.W. Deng, Recent progress and perspective: Na ion batteries used at low temperatures, Nanomaterials, 12(2022), No. 19, art. No. 3529. doi: 10.3390/nano12193529