富氢高炉中焦炭与H<sub>2</sub>O的反应行为研究进展

周峰; 彭道胜; 李克江; Alberto N. Conejo; 廖昊添; 熊梓鑫; 李东涛; 张建良

doi:10.1007/s12613-024-2854-3

Volume 31 Issue 5

May 2024

Turn off MathJax

图(13) / 表(3)

数据统计

计量

文章访问数: 1527
HTML全文浏览量: 235
PDF下载量: 68
被引次数: 0

文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2024 > 31(5): 959-976

Feng Zhou, Daosheng Peng, Kejiang Li, Alberto N. Conejo, Haotian Liao, Zixin Xiong, Dongtao Li, and Jianliang Zhang, Coke behavior with H₂O in a hydrogen-enriched blast furnace: A review, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 5, pp. 959-976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2854-3

Cite this article as:

Feng Zhou, Daosheng Peng, Kejiang Li, Alberto N. Conejo, Haotian Liao, Zixin Xiong, Dongtao Li, and Jianliang Zhang, Coke behavior with H2O in a hydrogen-enriched blast furnace: A review, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 5, pp. 959-976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2854-3

Citation:

PDF( 5765 KB)

引用本文 PDF XML SpringerLink

特约综述

富氢高炉中焦炭与H₂O的反应行为研究进展

1)
北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院, 北京 100083, 中国
2)
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
3)
宝钢股份中央研究院武钢有限技术中心, 武汉430080, 中国
4)
首钢集团有限公司技术研究院, 北京100043, 中国
5)
绿色可循环钢铁流程北京市重点实验室, 北京100043, 中国

通讯作者:
李克江 E-mail: likejiang@ustb.edu.cn

张建良 E-mail: zhang.jianliang@hotmail.com

文章亮点

(1) 系统研究了焦炭在富氢高炉中的降解行为。

(2) 全面概述了H₂O对焦炭结构和性能的影响。

(3) 系统分析了H₂O和CO₂对焦炭的气化反应的不同影响。

中文摘要

富氢高炉炼铁已成为炼铁过程中减少二氧化碳排放的重要途径。用氢气替代焦炭和煤粉可降低燃料消耗和二氧化碳排放量。氢气是一种有效的还原剂，在还原铁矿石时会产生 H₂O，这对高炉焦炭的质量提出了新的要求。在富氢高炉中，H₂O促进了焦炭的溶损反应，提高了焦炭的反应性，在纯H₂O气氛中，焦炭的反应性比纯CO₂气氛中高20%–30%。焦炭与CO₂的活化能范围为110–300 kJ/mol，而焦炭与H₂O的活化能范围为80–170 kJ/mol。研究表明，CO₂和H₂O对焦炭降解机制有不同的影响。本综述回顾了当前在高炉内引入氢气对焦炭的气化行为以及降解机制的研究进展，并全面概述了H₂O对焦炭结构和性能的影响。通过探索H₂O与焦炭之间的相互作用，旨在为焦炭在富氢环境中的降解行为提供有价值的见解，促进富氢高炉炼铁工艺的进一步发展。

关键词:

Invited Review

Coke behavior with H₂O in a hydrogen-enriched blast furnace: A review

+ Author Affiliations

1)
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2)
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
3)
Baosteel Central Research Institute (R & D Center of Wuhan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.), Wuhan 430080, China
4)
Shougang Research Institute of Technology, Shougang Group Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100043, China
5)
Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recyclable Process for Iron and Steel Production Technology, Beijing 100043, China

Jianliang Zhang is an editorial board member for this journal and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

Corresponding authors:
Kejiang Li E-mail: likejiang@ustb.edu.cn

Jianliang Zhang E-mail: zhang.jianliang@hotmail.com
Received: 27 November 2023; Revised: 7 February 2024; Accepted: 14 February 2024; Available online: 19 February 2024

Abstract

Abstract

Hydrogen-enriched blast furnace ironmaking has become an essential route to reduce CO₂ emissions in the ironmaking process. However, hydrogen-enriched reduction produces large amounts of H₂O, which places new demands on coke quality in a blast furnace. In a hydrogen-rich blast furnace, the presence of H₂O promotes the solution loss reaction. This result improves the reactivity of coke, which is 20%–30% higher in a pure H₂O atmosphere than in a pure CO₂ atmosphere. The activation energy range is 110–300 kJ/mol between coke and CO₂ and 80–170 kJ/mol between coke and H₂O. CO₂ and H₂O are shown to have different effects on coke degradation mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of H₂O on the structure and properties of coke. By exploring the interactions between H₂O and coke, several unresolved issues in the field requiring further research were identified. This review aims to provide valuable insights into coke behavior in hydrogen-rich environments and promote the further development of hydrogen-rich blast furnace ironmaking processes.
- hydrogen ironmaking;
- coke behavior;
- blast furnace;
- gasification;
- microstructure;
- kinetics

FullText(HTML)

Supplements(0)

References(105)

References

[1]	K.J. Li, R. Khanna, J.L. Zhang, et al., The evolution of structural order, microstructure and mineral matter of metallurgical coke in a blast furnace: A review, Fuel, 133(2014), p. 194. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.014
[2]	A. Hasanbeigi, M. Arens, and L. Price, Alternative emerging ironmaking technologies for energy-efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions reduction: A technical review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 33(2014), p. 645. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.02.031
[3]	B. Ghosh, B.K. Sahoo, O.S. Niyogi, et al., Coke structure evaluation for BF coke making, Int. J. Coal Prep. Util., 38(2017), No. 6, p. 321.
[4]	Q. Shi, B. Zheng, Y. Zheng, et al., Co-benefits of CO₂ emission reduction from China’s clean air actions between 2013–2020, Nat. Commun., 13(2022), No. 1, art. No. 5061. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32656-8
[5]	G. Yang, D. Zha, C. Zhang, and Q. Chen, Does environment-biased technological progress reduce CO₂ emissions in APEC economies? Evidence from fossil and clean energy consumption, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 27(2020), No. 17, p. 20984. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08437-5
[6]	L. Holappa, A general vision for reduction of energy consumption and CO₂ emissions from the steel industry, Metals, 10(2020), No. 9, art. No. 1117. doi: 10.3390/met10091117
[7]	L. Tang, X.D. Xue, X. Bo, et al., Contribution of emissions from the iron and steel industry to air quality in China, Environ. Sci., 41(2020), No. 7, p. 2981.
[8]	X.Q. Zhang, The development trend of and suggestions for China’s hydrogen energy industry, Engineering, 7(2021), No. 6, p. 719. doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.012
[9]	J. Zhao, H.B. Zuo, Y.J. Wang,J.S. Wang, and Q.G. Xue, Review of green and low-carbon ironmaking technology, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 47(2019), p. 296.
[10]	J.X. Li, P. Wang, L.Y. Zhou, and M. Cheng, The reduction of wustite with high oxygen enrichment and high injection of hydrogenous fuel, ISIJ Int., 47(2007), No. 8, p. 1097. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.47.1097
[11]	C.C. Lan, S.H. Zhang, X.J. Liu, R. Liu, and Q. Lyu, Kinetic behaviors of coke gasification with CO₂ and H₂O, ISIJ Int., 61(2021), No. 1, p. 167. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2020-401
[12]	J. Haapakangas, H. Suopajärvi, M. Iljana, et al., Coke reactivity in simulated blast furnace shaft conditions, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 47(2016), No. 4, p. 2357. doi: 10.1007/s11663-016-0677-y
[13]	X.Y. Fan, C. Li, M.D. Wang, et al., Effects of adding different proportions of H₂ to the simulated hydrogen-rich blast furnace, Chem. Eng. Technol., 45(2022), No. 12, p. 2284. doi: 10.1002/ceat.202200325
[14]	X.B. Yu, Z.J. Hu, and Y.S. Shen, Modeling of hydrogen shaft injection in ironmaking blast furnaces, Fuel, 302(2021), art. No. 121092. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121092
[15]	J. Tang, M.S. Chu, F. Li, et al., Mathematical simulation and life cycle assessment of blast furnace operation with hydrogen injection under constant pulverized coal injection, J. Cleaner Prod., 278(2021), art. No. 123191. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123191
[16]	Z.G. Zhao, X.B. Yu, Y.S. Shen, et al., Model study of shaft injection of reformed coke oven gas in a blast furnace, Energy Fuels, 34(2020), No. 11, p. 15048. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02683
[17]	Y.N. Qie, Q. Lyu, X.J. Liu, et al., Effect of hydrogen addition on softening and melting reduction behaviors of ferrous burden in gas-injection blast furnace, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 49(2018), No. 5, p. 2622. doi: 10.1007/s11663-018-1299-3
[18]	V. Shatokha, Modeling of the effect of hydrogen injection on blast furnace operation and carbon dioxide emissions, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 10, p. 1851. doi: 10.1007/s12613-022-2474-8
[19]	A.M. Heikkilä, A.M. Koskela, M.O. Iljana, et al., Coke Gasification in blast furnace shaft conditions with H₂ and H₂O containing atmospheres, Steel Res. Int., 92(2021), No. 3, art. No. 2000456. doi: 10.1002/srin.202000456
[20]	B.J. Yi, L.Q. Zhang, Q.X. Yuan, S.P. Yan, and C.G. Zheng, The evolution of coal char structure under the oxy-fuel combustion containing high H₂O, Fuel Process. Technol., 152(2016), p. 294. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.06.017
[21]	S.M. Shin and S.M. Jung, Gasification effect of metallurgical coke with CO₂ and H₂O on the porosity and macrostrength in the temperature range of 1100 to 1500°C, Energy Fuels, 29(2015), No. 10, p. 6849. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01235
[22]	Y. Ono, Y. Fukuda, Y. Sumitani, et al., Experimental and numerical study on degradation behavior of coke with CO₂ or H₂O gasification reaction at high temperature, Fuel, 309(2022), art. No. 122061. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122061
[23]	Y. Numazawa, Y. Hara, Y. Matsukawa, et al., Kinetic modeling of CO₂ and H₂O gasification reactions for metallurgical coke using a distributed activation energy model, ACS Omega, 6(2021), No. 17, p. 11436. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00443
[24]	R.S. Xu, B.W. Dai, W. Wang, J. Schenk, A. Bhattacharyya, and Z.L. Xue, Gasification reactivity and structure evolution of metallurgical coke under H₂O/CO₂ atmosphere, Energy Fuels, 32(2018), No. 2, p. 1188. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03023
[25]	P. Wang, Y.Q. Zhang, H.M. Long, et al., Degradation behavior of coke reacting with H₂O and CO₂ at high temperature, ISIJ Int., 57(2017), No. 4, p. 643. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2016-488
[26]	M.W. Chapman, R.J. Nightingale, and B.J. Monaghan, Influence of coke ash on blast furnace hearth behaviour, [in] Australasian Conference on Chemical Engineering, 2011, P. 1.
[27]	M. Grigore, R. Sakurovs, D. French, and V. Sahajwalla, Influence of mineral matter on coke reactivity with carbon dioxide, ISIJ Int., 46(2006), No. 4, p. 503. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.46.503
[28]	Q. Wang, R. Guo, X.F. Zhao, J.F. Sun, S. Zhang, and W.Z. Liu, A new testing and evaluating method of cokes with greatly varied CRI and CSR, Fuel, 182(2016), p. 879. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.101
[29]	R.J. Yan, Z.G. Liu, M.S. Chu, and P.J. Liu, Effect of coke reactivity on softening-melting and dripping behaviors of sinter, Ironmaking Steelmaking., 50(2023), No. 8, p. 1094. doi: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2200621
[30]	M.D. Casal, C. Barriocanal, M.A. Díez, and R. Alvarez, Influence of porosity and fissuring on coking pressure generation, Fuel, 87(2008), No. 12, p. 2437. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.03.011
[31]	Y. Kubota, S. Nomura, T. Arima, and K. Kato, Quantitative evaluation of relationship between coke strength and pore structure, ISIJ Int., 51(2011), No. 11, p. 1800. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.51.1800
[32]	R. Guo and Q. Wang, Relationship between coke properties and solution loss behavior and its influence on post-reaction strength of coke, Rev. Metall., 109(2012), No. 6, p. 443. doi: 10.1051/metal/2012039
[33]	I. Mochida, S.H. Yoon, and W.M. Qiao, Catalysts in syntheses of carbon and carbon precursors, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 17(2006), No. 6, p. 1059. doi: 10.1590/S0103-50532006000600002
[34]	Y. Tian, G.Y. Li, H. Zhang, J.P. Wang, et al., Molecular basis for coke strength: Stacking-fault structure of wrinkled carbon layers, Carbon, 162(2020), p. 56. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2020.02.026
[35]	J. A. Menéndez, R. Álvarez, and J. J. Pis, Determination of metallurgical coke reactivity at INCAR: NSC and ECE-INCAR reactivity tests, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 26(1999), No. 2, p. 117. doi: 10.1179/030192399676997
[36]	K. Kojima, T.T. Nishi, T. Yamaguchi, H. Nakama, and S. Ida, Changes in the properties of coke in blast furnace, ISIJ Int., 17(1977), No. 7, p. 401. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational1966.17.401
[37]	M. Hatano, B. Hiraoka, M. Fukuda, and T. Masuike, Analysis of the combustion zone in the experimental blast furnace, ISIJ Int., 17(1977), No. 2, p. 102. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational1966.17.102
[38]	B. Ghosh, B.K. Sahoo, B. Chakraborty, et al., Influence of coke structure on coke quality using image analysis method, Int. J. Coal Sci. Technol., 5(2018), No. 4, p. 473. doi: 10.1007/s40789-018-0227-0
[39]	Q.F. Zhong, Q.Y. Mao, L.Y. Zhang, J.H. Xiang, J. Xiao, and J.P. Mathews, Structural features of Qingdao petroleum coke from HRTEM lattice fringes: Distributions of length, orientation, stacking, curvature, and a large-scale image-guided 3D atomistic representation, Carbon, 129(2018), p. 790. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.12.106
[40]	X. Xing, H. Rogers, G.Q. Zhang, et al., Coke degradation under simulated blast furnace conditions, ISIJ Int., 56(2016), No. 5, p. 786. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2015-704
[41]	X. Xing, H. Rogers, G.Q. Zhang, et al., Changes in pore structure of metallurgical cokes under blast furnace conditions, Energy Fuels, 30(2015), No. 1, p. 161.
[42]	K.J. Li, J.L. Zhang, Y.X. Liu, et al., Graphitization of coke and its interaction with slag in the hearth of a blast furnace, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 47(2016), No. 2, p. 811. doi: 10.1007/s11663-015-0574-9
[43]	X.M. Zhang, S.Q. Wang, H. Chen, et al., Observation of carbon nanostructure and evolution of chemical structure from coal to graphite by high temperature treatment, using componential determination, X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscope, Fuel, 332(2023), No. 1, art. No. 126145.
[44]	K.J. Li, H. Zhang, G.Y. Li, et al., ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation for the graphitization of amorphous carbon: A parametric study, J. Chem. Theory Comput., 14(2018), No. 5, p. 2322. doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01296
[45]	H. Zhang, Relationship of coke reactivity and critical coke properties, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 50(2019), No. 1, p. 204. doi: 10.1007/s11663-018-1438-x
[46]	M.M. Sun, J.L. Zhang, K.J. Li, et al., The interfacial behavior between coke and liquid iron: A comparative study on the influence of coke pore, carbon structure and ash, JOM, 72(2020), No. 6, p. 2174. doi: 10.1007/s11837-020-04048-0
[47]	Z.Z. Ding, Z. Sun, Q. Lu, et al., Boudouard reaction accompanied by graphitization of wrinkled carbon layers in coke gasification: A theoretical insight into the classical understanding, Fuel, 297(2021), art. No. 120747. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120747
[48]	S. Pusz, M. Krzesi'nska, Ł. Smkedowski, J. Majewska, B. Pilawa, and B. Kwieci'nska, Changes in a coke structure due to reaction with carbon dioxide, Int. J. Coal Geol., 81(2010), No. 4, p. 287. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2009.07.013
[49]	R. Guo, C. Duan, Z. Sun, et al., Effect of pore structure and matrix reactivity on coke reactivity and post-reaction strength, Metall. Res. Technol., 114(2017), No. 5, art. No. 504. doi: 10.1051/metal/2017037
[50]	R.J. Longbottom, J. Perkins, G. O’brien, and B.J. Monaghan, Effects of blast furnace representative temperatures and gas compositions on coke reactivity, ISIJ Int., 63(2023), No. 2, p. 282. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2022-396
[51]	S. Gupta, Z.Z. Ye, R. Kanniala, O. Kerkkonen, and V. Sahajwalla, Coke graphitization and degradation across the tuyere regions in a blast furnace, Fuel, 113(2013), p. 77. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.074
[52]	D. Vogt, J.V. Weber, J.N. Rouzaud, and M. Schneider, Coke properties and their microstructure Part II: Coke carboxyreactivity: Relations to their texture, Fuel Process. Technol., 20(1988), p. 155. doi: 10.1016/0378-3820(88)90016-1
[53]	M.A. Dı́ez, R. Alvarez, and C. Barriocanal, Coal for metallurgical coke production: Predictions of coke quality and future requirements for cokemaking, Int. J. Coal Geol., 50(2002), No. 1-4, p. 389. doi: 10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00123-4
[54]	S. Nomura, M. Naito, and K. Yamaguchi, Post-reaction strength of catalyst-added highly reactive coke, ISIJ Int., 47(2007), No. 6, p. 831. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.47.831
[55]	T. Akiyama, H. Sato, A. Muramatsu, and J.I. Yagi, Feasibility study on blast furnace ironmaking system integrated with methanol synthesis for reduction of carbon dioxide emission and effective use of exergy, ISIJ Int., 33(1994), No. 11, p. 1136.
[56]	P.R. Austin, H. Nogami, and J.I. Yagi, Prediction of blast furnace performance with top gas recycling, ISIJ Int., 38(1998), No. 3, p. 239. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.38.239
[57]	W.H. Chen, C.L. Hsu, and S.W. Du, Thermodynamic analysis of the partial oxidation of coke oven gas for indirect reduction of iron oxides in a blast furnace, Energy, 86(2015), p. 758. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.04.087
[58]	V. Trinkel, N. Kieberger, T. Bürgler, et al., Influence of waste plastic utilisation in blast furnace on heavy metal emissions, J. Cleaner Prod., 94(2015), p. 312. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.018
[59]	Z.Y. Chang, P. Wang, J.L. Zhang, et al., Effect of CO₂ and H₂O on gasification dissolution and deep reaction of coke, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 25(2018), No. 12, p. 1402. doi: 10.1007/s12613-018-1694-4
[60]	Y. Iwanaga and K. Takatani, Degradation behavior of coke at high-temperature zone in blast furnace, ISIJ Int., 28(1988), p. 990. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational1966.28.990
[61]	J.X. Li, K.C. Lu, J.J. Wang, et al., Influence of H₂O–CO₂ gas mixture on coke degradation, J. Anhui Univ. Technol. Nat. Sci., 25(2008), No. 3, p. 233.
[62]	W. Wang, B.W. Dai, R.S. Xu, Schenk, J. Wang, and Z.L. Xue, The Effect of H₂O on the Reactivity and Microstructure of Metallurgical Coke, Steel Res. Int., 88(2017), No. 8, art. No. 1700063. doi: 10.1002/srin.201700063
[63]	L. Liang, Z. Sun, H. Zhang, et al., Theoretical insight into the competitive effect of CO₂ and additive H₂O in coke gasification, Chem. Eng. J., 461(2023), art. No. 142003. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.142003
[64]	X.S. Wang, Y.H. Cheng, and L.J. Li, Protein function prediction based on active semi-supervised learning, Chin. J. Electron., 25(2016), No. 4, p. 595. doi: 10.1049/cje.2016.07.005
[65]	W.T. Guo, Q.G. Xue, Y.L. Liu, et al., Kinetic analysis of gasification reaction of coke with CO₂ or H₂O, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 40(2015), p. 13306. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.07.048
[66]	C.C. Lan, Q. Lyu, X.J. Liu, M.F. Jiang, Y.N. Qie, and S.H. Zhang, Thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of coke gasification in N₂–CO–CO₂–H₂–H₂O, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy., 43(2018), No. 42, p. 19405. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.216
[67]	J. Tanner and S. Bhattacharya, Kinetics of CO₂ and steam gasification of Victorian brown coal chars, Chem. Eng. J., 285(2016), p. 331. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.09.106
[68]	Z.S. Liu and Q. Wang, Non-isothermal kinetics of metallurgical coke gasification by carbon dioxide, Coke Chem., 60(2017), No. 4, p. 140. doi: 10.3103/S1068364X17040020
[69]	X.Y. Fan, C. Li, M.D. Wang, et al., Gasification and kinetic study on metallurgical cokes in CO₂–N₂–H₂O and CO₂–N₂ atmosphere, Energy Sources Part A: Recovery Util. Environ. Eff., 45(2023), No. 1, p. 2144.
[70]	H. Zhang, Gasification of metallurgical coke in CO₂-CO-N₂ with and without H₂, Chem. Eng. J., 347(2018), p. 440. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.03.135
[71]	L.X. Zhang, J.J. Huang Y.T. Fang, and Y. Wang, Study on reactivity of Chinese anthracite chars gasification—Comparison of reactivity between steam and CO₂ gasification, J. Fuel Chem. Technol., 34(2006), No. 3, p. 265.
[72]	W.T. Guo, J.S. Wang, X.F. She, Q.G. Xue, and Z.C. Guo, Pore structure and high-temperature compressive strength of gasified coke with CO₂ and steam, J. Fuel Chem. Technol., 43(2015), No. 6, p. 8.
[73]	F. Rodríguez-Reinoso, M. Molina-Sabio, and M.T. González, The use of steam and CO₂ as activating agents in the preparation of activated carbons, Carbon, 33(1995), No. 1, p. 15. doi: 10.1016/0008-6223(94)00100-E
[74]	K. Zhu, Z.M. Chen, S.X. Ye, S.H. Geng, Y.W. Zhang, and X.G. Lu, Gasification of iron coke and cogasification behavior of iron coke and coke under simulated hydrogen-rich blast furnace condition, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No. 10, p. 1839. doi: 10.1007/s12613-022-2429-0
[75]	G.Y. Li, F. Wang, J.P. Wang, Y.Y. Li, A.Q. Li, and Y.H. Liang, ReaxFF and DFT study on the sulfur transformation mechanism during the oxidation process of lignite, Fuel, 181(2016), p. 238. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.068
[76]	K.J. Li, H.T. Li, M.M. Sun, et al., Atomic-scale understanding about coke carbon structural evolution by experimental characterization and ReaxFF molecular dynamics, Energy Fuels, 33(2019), No. 11, p. 10941. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b03154
[77]	Z. Liang, K.J. Li, Z.M. Wang, Y.S. Bu, and J.L. Zhang, Adsorption and reaction mechanisms of single and double H₂O molecules on graphene surfaces with defects: A density functional theory study, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 23(2021), No. 34, p. 19071. doi: 10.1039/D1CP02595C
[78]	Y. Sumitani, Y. Ono, Y. Saito, et al., Effect of changes in mechanical properties of coke matrix caused by CO₂ or H₂O gasification reaction on the strength of lump coke, ISIJ Int., 61(2021), No. 1, p. 119. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2020-292
[79]	C. Zou, L. Zhang, S.Y. Cao, and C.G. Zheng, A study of combustion characteristics of pulverized coal in O₂/H₂O atmosphere, Fuel, 115(2014), p. 312. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.025
[80]	B.J. Yi, L.Q. Zhang, F. Huang, et al., Effect of H₂O on the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal in O₂/CO₂ atmosphere, Appl. Energy, 132(2014), p. 349. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.031
[81]	C. Guizani, F.E. Sanz, and S. Salvador, The gasification reactivity of high-heating-rate chars in single and mixed atmospheres of H₂O and CO₂, Fuel, 108(2013), p. 812. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.02.027
[82]	C. Chen, J. Wang, W. Liu, et al., Effect of pyrolysis conditions on the char gasification with mixtures of CO₂ and H₂O, Proc. Combust. Inst., 34(2013), No. 2, p. 2453. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2012.07.068
[83]	T.F. Liu, Y.T. Fang, and Y. Wang, An experimental investigation into the gasification reactivity of chars prepared at high temperatures, Fuel, 87(2008), No. 4-5, p. 460. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.06.019
[84]	E. Donskoi, A. Poliakov, M.R. Mahoney, and O. Scholes, Novel optical image analysis coke characterisation and its application to study of the relationships between coke Structure, coke strength and parent coal composition, Fuel, 208(2017), p. 281. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.07.021
[85]	J.C. Ouyang, D.K. Hong, L.K. Jiang, et al., Effect of CO₂ and H₂O on char properties. Part 1: Pyrolysis char structure and reactivity, Energy Fuels, 34(2020), No. 4, p. 4243. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00032
[86]	Y.Q. Niu, S.Q. Liu, B.K. Yan, et al., Experimental and kinetics studies on separate physicochemical effects of steam on coal char combustion, Combust. Flame, 220(2020), p. 168. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.06.035
[87]	D.K. Hong, Z.H. Li, T. Si, and X. Guo, A study of the effect of H₂O on char oxidation during O₂/H₂O combustion using reactive dynamic simulation, Fuel, 280(2020), p. 118713. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118713
[88]	Y. Miura, Recent studies on the properties of blast furnace coke and their future prospect, ISIJ Int., 22(1982), No. 7, p. 483. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational1966.22.483
[89]	H. Yamaoka and S. Suyama, Prediction model of coke strength after gasification reaction, ISIJ Int., 43(2003), No. 3, p. 338. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.43.338
[90]	X.Y. Fan, C. Li, M.D. Wang, et al., Dissolution losses of metallurgical cokes in CO₂–H₂O mixtures, Energy Sources Part A, 44(2022), No. 4, p. 9172. doi: 10.1080/15567036.2022.2131017
[91]	M. Acik and Y.J. Chabal, Nature of Graphene Edges: A Review, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50(2011), art. No. 070101. doi: 10.1143/JJAP.50.070101
[92]	H. Jin, Y.J. Lu, B. Liao, L.J. Guo, and X.M. Zhang, Hydrogen production by coal gasification in supercritical water with a fluidized bed reactor, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35(2010), No. 13, p. 7151. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.01.099
[93]	Y.H. Huang, H. Yamashita, and A. Tomita, Gasification reactivities of coal macerals, Fuel Process. Technol., 29(1991), No. 1-2, p. 75. doi: 10.1016/0378-3820(91)90018-8
[94]	Y.H. Bai, P. Lv, X.H. Yang, et al., Gasification of coal char in H₂O/CO₂ atmospheres: Evolution of surface morphology and pore structure, Fuel, 218(2018), p. 236. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.11.105
[95]	J. Xu, S. Su, Z.J. Sun, et al., Effects of steam and CO₂ on the characteristics of chars during devolatilization in oxy–steam combustion process, Appl. Energy, 182(2016), p. 20.
[96]	S. Ban, J. Xie, Y.J. Wang, B. Jing, B. Liu, and H.J. Zhou, Insight into the nanoscale mechanism of rapid H₂O transport within a graphene oxide membrane: Impact of oxygen functional group clustering, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8(2016), No. 1, p. 321. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b08824
[97]	J.I. Rodero, J. Sancho-Gorostiaga, M. Ordiales, et al., Blast furnace and metallurgical coke’s reactivity and its determination by thermal gravimetric analysis, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 42(2015), No. 8, p. 618. doi: 10.1179/1743281215Y.0000000016
[98]	B. Gao, J.L. Zhang, H.B. Zuo, C.L. Qi, Y. Rong, and Z. Wang, CO₂ gasification characteristics of high and low reactivity cokes, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 21(2014), No. 8, p. 723. doi: 10.1016/S1006-706X(14)60133-3
[99]	R. Sakurovs, and L. Burke, Influence of gas composition on the reactivity of cokes, Fuel Process. Technol., 92(2011), No. 6, p. 1220. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.01.019
[100]	Y. Kashiwaya, and K. Ishii, Kinetic analysis of coke gasification based on non-crystal/crystal ratio of carbon, ISIJ Int., 31(1991), No. 5, p. 440. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.31.440
[101]	Y. Iwanaga, and K. Takatani, Mathematical model analysis for oxidation of coke at high temperature, ISIJ Int., 29(1989), No. 1, p. 43. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.29.43
[102]	B. Van Der Velden, J. Trouw, R. Chaigneau, and J. Van Den Berg, Coke reactivity under simulated blast furnace conditions. [in] The 58 th Ironmaking Conference, Chicigo, 1999, p. 275.
[103]	J.L. Zhang, Y. Li, Z.J. Liu, et al., Isothermal kinetic analysis on reduction of solid/liquid wustite by hydrogen, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No.10, p. 1830. doi: 10.1007/s12613-022-2518-0
[104]	X.D. Mao, P. Garg, X.J. Hu, et al., Kinetic analysis of iron ore powder reaction with hydrogen—carbon monoxide, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 29(2022), No.10, p. 1882. doi: 10.1007/s12613-022-2512-6
[105]	C.C. Lan, S.H. Zhang, X.J. Liu, Q. Lyu, and M.F. Jiang, Change and mechanism analysis of the softening-melting behavior of the iron-bearing burden in a hydrogen-rich blast furnace, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 45(2020), No. 28, p. 14255. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.03.143

Relative Articles

Cited By

Proportional views

数据统计

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

留言板

数据统计

分享

计量

富氢高炉中焦炭与H₂O的反应行为研究进展

文章亮点

中文摘要

Coke behavior with H₂O in a hydrogen-enriched blast furnace: A review

Abstract

References

数据统计

Catalog

留言板

数据统计

分享

计量

富氢高炉中焦炭与H2O的反应行为研究进展

文章亮点

中文摘要

Coke behavior with H2O in a hydrogen-enriched blast furnace: A review

Abstract

References

数据统计

Catalog

富氢高炉中焦炭与H₂O的反应行为研究进展

Coke behavior with H₂O in a hydrogen-enriched blast furnace: A review