引入Zr、Ti、Nb和Ce元素对高压压铸Al–Si合金压室预结晶和力学性能的影响能

李俊杰; 于文波; 孙振宇; 郑伟辰; 张良威; 薛艳玲; 刘文宁; 熊守美

doi:10.1007/s12613-024-2882-z

Volume 32 Issue 1

Jan. 2025

Turn off MathJax

图(9) / 表(2)

数据统计

计量

文章访问数: 245
HTML全文浏览量: 105
PDF下载量: 22
被引次数: 0

文章导航 > 矿物冶金与材料学报（英文） > 2025 > 32(1): 147-153

Junjie Li, Wenbo Yu, Zhenyu Sun, Weichen Zheng, Liangwei Zhang, Yanling Xue, Wenning Liu, and Shoumei Xiong, Influence of introducing Zr, Ti, Nb and Ce elements on externally solidified crystals and mechanical properties of high-pressure die-casting Al–Si alloy, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 32(2025), No. 1, pp. 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2882-z

Cite this article as:

Junjie Li, Wenbo Yu, Zhenyu Sun, Weichen Zheng, Liangwei Zhang, Yanling Xue, Wenning Liu, and Shoumei Xiong, Influence of introducing Zr, Ti, Nb and Ce elements on externally solidified crystals and mechanical properties of high-pressure die-casting Al–Si alloy, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 32(2025), No. 1, pp. 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2882-z

Citation:

PDF( 4591 KB)

引用本文 PDF XML SpringerLink

研究论文

引入Zr、Ti、Nb和Ce元素对高压压铸Al–Si合金压室预结晶和力学性能的影响能

1)
北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院, 材料科学与工程中心, 北京 100044, 中国
2)
中南大学交通与运输工程学院, 长沙 410075, 中国
3)
中国科学院上海高等研究院上海光源同步辐射中心, 上海 201204, 中国
4)
清华大学材料科学与工程学院, 北京 100084, 中国

通讯作者:
于文波 E-mail: wbyu@bjtu.edu.cn

熊守美 E-mail: smxiong@tsinghua.edu.cn

文章亮点

(1) 系统地研究了Ti、Nb 和 Ce含量对Al–Si合金微观组织的影响机理。

(2) 结合三维重构研究了引入不同元素后孔洞的变化对铸件力学性能的影响结果。

(3) 使用热力学模拟探讨了引入不同元素后不同物相的变化规律以及对铸件力学性能的影响结果。

中文摘要

随着高压压铸 (HPDC) 技术的发展，压铸模具越来越大型化、集成化和复杂化。壁厚不均的大型铸件热处理过程中易发生变形甚至撕裂，因此免热处理铝合金的开发成为研究热点。Al–Si合金由于其超强的流动性能满足大型复杂铸件的充型，已被广泛应用于HPDC铸件中。其中高压压铸AlSi10MnMg 合金铸件广泛应用于汽车行业，在Al合金中加入Mg后可以通过热处理提高铸件的力学性能，但铸件中热应力的释放会引起大型整体压铸件的变形。此外，HPDC铸件含有大尺寸的压室预结晶 (ESCs)，这对铸件的力学性能有害。为开发新型免热处理合金，去除了AlSi10MnMg合金中的Mg元素，并引入晶粒细化剂和变质剂改善微观组织，从而提升力学性能。通过引入不同合金元素，探究了微量合金元素、微观组织形态及力学性能间的联系。实验表明，Ti元素的增加导致ESCs的平均尺寸和孔隙率增加，铸件的强度和延展率降低；而加入Nb元素可细化ESCs并降低孔隙率，但与此同时，大尺寸Al₃(Zr,Ti) 相的形成降低了力学性能；最后Ce元素的引入则导致铸件出现细化中毒效应，ESCs 的平均尺寸和孔隙率大量增加，力学性能最差。

关键词:

Research Article

Influence of introducing Zr, Ti, Nb and Ce elements on externally solidified crystals and mechanical properties of high-pressure die-casting Al–Si alloy

+ Author Affiliations

1)
Center of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Electronic Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
2)
Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
3)
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
4)
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Corresponding authors:
Wenbo Yu E-mail: wbyu@bjtu.edu.cn

Shoumei Xiong E-mail: smxiong@tsinghua.edu.cn
Received: 1 December 2023; Revised: 12 March 2024; Accepted: 13 March 2024; Available online: 15 March 2024

Abstract

Abstract

High pressure die casting (HPDC) AlSi10MnMg alloy castings are widely used in the automobile industry. Mg can optimize the mechanical properties of castings through heat treatment, while the release of thermal stress arouses the deformation of large integrated die-castings. Herein, the development of non-heat treatment Al alloys is becoming the hot topic. In addition, HPDC contains externally solidified crystals (ESCs), which are detrimental to the mechanical properties of castings. To achieve high strength and toughness of non-heat treatment die-casting Al–Si alloy, we used AlSi9Mn alloy as matrix with the introduction of Zr, Ti, Nb, and Ce. Their influences on ESCs and mechanical properties were systematically investigated through three-dimensional reconstruction and thermodynamic simulation. Our results reveal that the addition of Ti increased ESCs’ size and porosity, while the introduction of Nb refined ESCs and decreased porosity. Meanwhile, large-sized Al₃(Zr,Ti) phases formed and degraded the mechanical properties. Subsequent introduction of Ce resulted in the poisoning effect and reduced mechanical properties.
- aluminium alloy;
- high-pressure die-casting;
- externally solidified crystals;
- non-heat treatment

FullText(HTML)

Supplements(0)

References(26)

References

[1]	L. Zhu, F. Qiu, Q. Zou, et al., Multiscale design of α-Al, eutectic silicon and Mg₂Si phases in Al–Si–Mg alloy manipulated by in situ nanosized crystals, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 802(2021), art. No. 140627. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2020.140627
[2]	W.J. Liu, Y.D. Li, Z.X. Song, X.M. Luo, H.K. Yang, and G.L. Bi, Effect of trace Sr+Ce compound modification on microstructure, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of AlSi10MnMg alloy, Chin. J. Nonferrous Met., 32(2022), No. 2, p. 332.
[3]	X.Y. Jiao, Y.X. Liu, J. Wang, et al., The microstructure characteristics and fracture behavior of the polyhedral primary iron-rich phase and plate-shaped eutectic iron-rich phase in a high-pressure die-cast AlSi10MnMg alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 140(2023), p. 201. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.09.014
[4]	X.Y. Jiao, P.Y. Wang, Y.X. Liu, et al., Fracture behavior of a high pressure die casting AlSi10MnMg alloy with varied porosity levels, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 25(2023), p. 1129. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.05.281
[5]	J.M. Sanchez, M. Arribas, H. Galarraga, M. Garcia de Cortazar, M. Ellero, and F. Girot, Effects of Mn addittion, cooling rate and holding temperature on the modification and purification of iron-rich compounds in AlSi10MnMg(Fe) alloy, Heliyon, 9(2023), No. 2, art. No. e13005. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13005
[6]	Y. Liu, B.H. Duan, G.Y. Chen, et al., Development history and future prospect of die cast aluminum alloy, Mater. Rep., 37(2023), No. Z2, art. No. 23030025.
[7]	A.A. Luo, A.K. Sachdev, and D. Apelian, Alloy development and process innovations for light metals casting, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 306(2022), art. No. 117606. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117606
[8]	W.P. Liu, C.H. Zhao, T. Peng, Z.W. Zhang, and A.P. Wan, Simulation-assisted multi-process integrated optimization for greentelligent aluminum casting, Appl. Energy, 336(2023), art. No. 120831. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120831
[9]	Y.F. Zhang, X.W. Song, H. Wu, et al., Development and application of integrated die casting technology in shock tower of body, Foundry, 72(2023), No. 4, p. 437.
[10]	X.P. Niu, B.H. Hu, I. Pinwill, and H. Li, Vacuum assisted high pressure die casting of aluminium alloys, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 105(2000), No. 1-2, p. 119. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(00)00545-8
[11]	H.X. Cao, C.C. Wang, Q.Y. Shan, et al., Kinetic analysis of pore formation in die-cast metals and influence of absolute pressure on porosity, Vacuum, 168(2019), art. No. 108828. doi: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.108828
[12]	Y.J. Zhang, E. Lordan, K. Dou, S.H. Wang, and Z.Y. Fan, Influence of porosity characteristics on the variability in mechanical properties of high pressure die casting (HPDC) AlSi7MgMn alloys, J. Manuf. Process., 56(2020), p. 500. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.04.071
[13]	C.S. Ma, W.B. Yu, T.T. Zhang, Z.H. Zhang, Y.H. Ma, and S.M. Xiong, The effect of slow shot speed and casting pressure on the 3D microstructure of high pressure die casting AE44 magnesium alloy, J. Magnes. Alloys, 11(2023), No. 2, p. 753. doi: 10.1016/j.jma.2021.09.011
[14]	Z.D. Li, N. Limodin, A. Tandjaoui, P. Quaegebeur, P. Osmond, and D. Balloy, Influence of Sr, Fe and Mn content and casting process on the microstructures and mechanical properties of AlSi7Cu3 alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 689(2017), p. 286. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2017.02.041
[15]	L.F. Zhang, J.W. Gao, L.N.W. Damoah, and D.G. Robertson, Removal of iron from aluminum: A review, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev., 33(2012), No. 2, p. 99. doi: 10.1080/08827508.2010.542211
[16]	S.X. Ji, W.C. Yang, F. Gao, D. Watson, and Z.Y. Fan, Effect of iron on the microstructure and mechanical property of Al–Mg–Si–Mn and Al–Mg–Si diecast alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 564(2013), p. 130. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.095
[17]	W.C. Yang, F. Gao, and S.X. Ji, Formation and sedimentation of Fe-rich intermetallics in Al–Si–Cu–Fe alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 25(2015), No. 5, p. 1704. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63776-1
[18]	T. Xiao, G.Q. Lv, Y. Bao, W.C. Duo, L. Xu, and W.H. Ma, Electromagnetic separation of coarse Al–Si melts: The migration behavior of iron-rich phase and continuous growth of primary silicon, J. Alloys Compd., 819(2020), art. No. 153006. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153006
[19]	M. Timpel, N. Wanderka, R. Schlesiger, et al., The role of strontium in modifying aluminium–silicon alloys, Acta Mater., 60(2012), No. 9, p. 3920. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.03.031
[20]	H.Q. Duan, Z.Y. Han, and B. Wang, Research progress on non-heat treatment die-casting aluminum alloy for automotive structural parts, Autom. Technol. Mater., (2022), No. 5, p. 1.
[21]	X.Y. Jiao, Y.F. Zhang, J. Wang, et al., Characterization of externally solidified crystals in a high-pressure die-cast AlSi10MnMg alloy and their effect on porosities and mechanical properties, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 298(2021), art. No. 117299. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117299
[22]	W.B. Yu, C.S. Ma, Y.H. Ma, and S.M. Xiong, Correlation of 3D defect-band morphologies and mechanical properties in high pressure die casting magnesium alloy, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 288(2021), art. No. 116853. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116853
[23]	K.G. Basavakumar, P.G. Mukunda, and M. Chakraborty, Influence of grain refinement and modification on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–7Si and Al–7Si–2.5Cu cast alloys, Mater. Charact., 59(2008), No. 3, p. 283. doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2007.01.011
[24]	F. Wang, D. Qiu, Z.L. Liu, J. Taylor, M. Easton, and M.X. Zhang, Crystallographic study of Al₃Zr and Al₃Nb as grain refiners for Al alloys, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 24(2014), No. 7, p. 2034. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63309-4
[25]	Z.N. Chen, H.J. Kang, G.H. Fan, et al., Grain refinement of hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys with B, Acta Mater., 120(2016), p. 168. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.08.045
[26]	J.H. Ding, C. Lu, Y.J. Sun, C.X. Cui, and E.T. Zhao, Refining and modification effects of (Al, Zr, Si)–Al₄Sr on Al–7Si–0.5Mg alloy, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 15(2021), p. 1604. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.006