电渣重熔制备80 t级 9CrMoCoB 大型耐热钢铸锭中非金属夹杂物的演变

段生朝; Min Joo Lee; 苏耀; 牟望重; Dong Soo Kim; Joo Hyun Park

doi:10.1007/s12613-024-2905-9

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Shengchao Duan, Min Joo Lee, Yao Su, Wangzhong Mu, Dong Soo Kim, and Joo Hyun Park, Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in 80-t 9CrMoCoB large-scale ingots during electroslag remelting process, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 7, pp. 1525-1539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2905-9

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Shengchao Duan, Min Joo Lee, Yao Su, Wangzhong Mu, Dong Soo Kim, and Joo Hyun Park, Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in 80-t 9CrMoCoB large-scale ingots during electroslag remelting process, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 31(2024), No. 7, pp. 1525-1539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2905-9

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研究论文

电渣重熔制备80 t级 9CrMoCoB 大型耐热钢铸锭中非金属夹杂物的演变

1)
北方工业大学机械与材料工程学院, 北京 100144, 中国
2)
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Rep. of Korea
3)
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
4)
Department of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
5)
Casting & Forging Business Unit, Nuclear Business Group, Doosan Enerbility, Changwon 51711, Rep. of Korea

通讯作者:
Joo Hyun Park E-mail: basicity@hanyang.ac.kr

文章亮点

(1) 通过理论计算和实验分析了夹杂物的形成和去除机理。

(2) 采用电化学萃取法和透射电镜准确分析了以硫化物或氧化物为核心析出的一次碳化物的三维形貌、成分和类型。

(3) 分析了电渣锭中形成的Al₂O₃夹杂物。

中文摘要

在1823 K下进行了CaF₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–B₂O₃熔渣和9CrMoCoB钢的实验室实验，以研究电渣重熔（ESR）过程钢中硼（B）元素的氧化行为。通过离子与分子共存理论（IMCT）和Wagner模型分别计算了渣中SiO₂和B₂O₃的活度以及钢液中Si和B的活度。热力学计算结果表明，与CaF₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–B₂O₃熔渣中的其他成分相比，渣中SiO₂和B₂O₃对钢中平衡B含量有显著影响。热力学计算结果得到了实验室实验和工业实验数据的验证，并且得到了电渣重熔制备大型9CrMoCoB的渣系成分。工业实验在85 t电渣炉上进行，自耗电极直径为1.6 m、电渣锭直径2.15 m、质量为85 t。通过在自耗电极和电渣锭不同位置取样分析制备大型耐热钢铸锭过程夹杂物去除和转变机理。结果发现，自耗电极中主要夹杂物有以Al₂O₃为核心的CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–MnO液态夹杂物和以Al₂O₃和MnS为核心的M₂₃C₆碳化物。在重熔铸锭中只能观察到纯Al₂O₃夹杂物和以Al₂O₃为核心的M₂₃C₆碳化物。通过电解萃取法确定该碳化物的成分包含C、Fe、Cr、W和Mo元素，透射电镜确定该碳化物类型可以为Cr_21.34Fe_1.66C₆、(Cr₁₉W₄)C₆、Cr_18.4Mo_4.6C₆和Cr₁₆Fe₅Mo₂C₆。以上结果说明，在电渣重熔过程中，在电极端部位置液态CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–MnO氧化物和MnS硫化物分别被炉渣吸附或发生分解通过熔渣脱硫反应去除。电渣锭中Al₂O₃夹杂物的生成主要由于钢液中Al含量的增加导致的。本文对夹杂物的生成和转变机理进行了详细的热力学分析。

关键词:

Research Article

Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in 80-t 9CrMoCoB large-scale ingots during electroslag remelting process

+ Author Affiliations

1)
School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
2)
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Rep. of Korea
3)
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
4)
Department of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
5)
Casting & Forging Business Unit, Nuclear Business Group, Doosan Enerbility, Changwon 51711, Rep. of Korea

Wangzhong Mu and Joo Hyun Park are editorial board members for this journal and were not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

Corresponding author:
Joo Hyun Park E-mail: basicity@hanyang.ac.kr
Received: 16 October 2023; Revised: 4 April 2024; Accepted: 7 April 2024; Available online: 8 April 2024

Abstract

Abstract

In combination with theoretical calculations, experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution behavior of nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs) during the manufacture of large-scale heat-resistant steel ingots using 9CrMoCoB heat-resistant steel and CaF₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–B₂O₃ electroslag remelting (ESR)-type slag in an 80-t industrial ESR furnace. The main types of NMI in the consumable electrode comprised pure alumina, a multiphase oxide consisting of an Al₂O₃ core and liquid CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–MnO shell, and M₂₃C₆ carbides with an MnS core. The Al₂O₃ and MnS inclusions had higher precipitation temperatures than the M₂₃C₆-type carbide under equilibrium and nonequilibrium solidification processes. Therefore, inclusions can act as nucleation sites for carbide layer precipitation. The ESR process completely removed the liquid CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–MnO oxide and MnS inclusion with a carbide shell, and only the Al₂O₃ inclusions and Al₂O₃ core with a carbide shell occupied the remelted ingot. The M₂₃C₆-type carbides in steel were determined as Cr₂₃C₆ based on the analysis of transmission electron microscopy results. The substitution of Cr with W, Fe, or/and Mo in the Cr₂₃C₆ lattice caused slight changes in the lattice parameter of the Cr₂₃C₆ carbide. Therefore, Cr_21.34Fe_1.66C₆, (Cr₁₉W₄)C₆, Cr_18.4Mo_4.6C₆, and Cr₁₆Fe₅Mo₂C₆ can match the fraction pattern of Cr₂₃C₆ carbide. The Al₂O₃ inclusions in the remelted ingot formed due to the reduction of CaO, SiO₂, and MnO components in the liquid inclusion. The increased Al content in liquid steel or the higher supersaturation degree of Al₂O₃ precipitation in the remelted ingot than that in the electrode can be attributed to the evaporation of CaF₂ and the increase in CaO content in the ESR-type slag.
- nonmetallic inclusion;
- heat-resistant steel;
- electroslag remelting;
- M₂₃C₆ carbide;
- MnS inclusion;
- supersaturation degree

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