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Alok Sarkar, Trygve Lindahl Schanche, Maria Wallin, and Jafar Safarian, Kinetics study on the H2 reduction of Nchwaning manganese ore at elevated temperatures, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater.,(2025). https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-025-3094-x
Alok Sarkar, Trygve Lindahl Schanche, Maria Wallin, and Jafar Safarian, Kinetics study on the H2 reduction of Nchwaning manganese ore at elevated temperatures, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater.,(2025). https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-025-3094-x
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高温下Nchwaning 锰氦还原动力学研究

摘要: 在锰铁生产中用氢气代替固体碳,为减少铁合金行业的碳排放提供了一种前瞻性、可持续的解决方案。HAlMan工艺是一种开创性的环保方法,经过精心研究,从实验室实验到试点测试,旨在大幅减少与锰铁生产相关的二氧化碳排放。每生产一吨锰铁,这一创新工艺可能会减少约1.5吨的二氧化碳排放。在本研究中,使用实验室规模的立式热重炉对Nchwaning锰矿进行预还原,在700、800和900°C的受控等温条件下用H2气体直接还原。结果表明,较高的预还原温度(800和900°C)有效地将Fe2O3转化为金属铁,将Mn2O3转化为MnO。通过对还原过程中质量变化的连续监测,评估了还原速率和程度。采用二阶反应模型验证了不同温度下H2还原的实验结果,显示干燥矿石的表观活化能为29.79 kJ/mol,预煅烧矿石的表见活化能为61.71 kJ/mol。还原动力学对温度有很强的依赖性,温度越高,还原越快、越完全。动力学分析表明,氢气和锰矿石之间气固界面的化学反应可能是该过程中的限速步骤。

 

Kinetics study on the H2 reduction of Nchwaning manganese ore at elevated temperatures

Abstract: Replacing solid carbon with hydrogen gas in ferromanganese production presents a forward-thinking, sustainable solution to reducing the ferro-alloy industry’s carbon emissions. The HAlMan process, a groundbreaking and eco-friendly method, has been meticulously researched and scaled up from laboratory experiments to pilot tests, aiming to drastically cut CO2 emissions associated with ferromanganese production. This innovative process could potentially reduce CO2 emissions by about 1.5 tonnes for every tonne of ferromanganese produced. In this study, a lab-scale vertical thermogravimetric furnace was used to carry out the pre-reduction of Nchwaning manganese ore, where direct reduction occurred with H2 gas under controlled isothermal conditions at 700, 800, and 900°C. The results indicated that higher pre-reduction temperatures (800 and 900°C) effectively converted Fe2O3 to metallic iron and Mn2O3 to MnO. By continuously monitoring the mass changes during the reduction, both the rate and extent of reduction were assessed. A second-order reaction model was applied to validate the experimental outcomes of H2 reduction at various temperatures, showing apparent activation energies of 29.79 kJ/mol for dried ore and 61.71 kJ/mol for pre-calcined ore. The reduction kinetics displayed a strong dependence on temperature, with higher temperatures leading to quicker and more complete reductions. The kinetics analysis suggested that the chemical reaction at the gas–solid interface between hydrogen and the manganese ore is likely the rate-limiting step in this process.

 

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