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Sajjad Hussain, Hailiang Liu, Sayed Zafar Abbas, Iftikhar Hussain, Abdullah A. Al-Kahtani, Naesung Lee, Hyun-Seok Kim, Jungwon Kang, Jongwan Jung, and Dhanasekaran Vikraman, Transition metal carbide-engineered active layers for high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cell, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-025-3340-2
Sajjad Hussain, Hailiang Liu, Sayed Zafar Abbas, Iftikhar Hussain, Abdullah A. Al-Kahtani, Naesung Lee, Hyun-Seok Kim, Jungwon Kang, Jongwan Jung, and Dhanasekaran Vikraman, Transition metal carbide-engineered active layers for high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cell, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-025-3340-2
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过渡金属碳化物改性活性层用于高效稳定钙钛矿太阳能电池

摘要: 本文提出一种新型钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSC)结构,其多功能活性层采用FA0.85MA0.15PbI3(FA: 甲脒、MA: 甲胺),并复合二维过渡金属碳化物(碳化钛/碳化钨)。通过结构与形貌表征,系统验证了化学还原态碳化钨与碳化钛的物化特性。该设计借助高导电碳化物网络(电导率>1200 S/cm),大幅优化活性层传统电荷输运性能,同时实现晶界缺陷钝化,将缺陷态密度由1016降至1014 cm−3,还赋予器件优异的本征环境稳定性。采用活性层复合碳化钨结构的器件光电转换效率高达 24.25%,优于碳化钛掺杂器件(23.74%)与纯活性层基准器件(22.56%)。在相对湿度 40% 的自然空气环境中静置 800 小时后,该碳化钨复合器件在避光条件下可维持初始效率的 86%,持续光照下仍保留 81% 初始效率;氮气氛围避光测试效率保有率达 89%,而光照稳定性则表现出83%的保留率,证实碳化钨改性FA0.85MA0.15PbI3活性层具备出色的防护效果与稳定性提升作用。本研究通过在活性层内同步实现电荷抽取与稳定性调控,构建了结构简洁、性能优异的钙钛矿太阳能电池体系,为开发效率突破 24% 且具备长效工作稳定性的规模化光伏器件奠定基础。

 

Transition metal carbide-engineered active layers for high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cell

Abstract: We introduce an innovative perovskite solar cell (PSC) architecture featuring a multifunctional active layer (AL) of FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 (FA: formamidine, MA: methylamine) integrated with two dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides (TiC/WC). The properties of the chemically reduced WC and TiC were thoroughly validated through structural and morphological analyses. This design significantly enhances the conventional charge-transporting properties of the AL by utilizing conductive carbide networks (conductivity (σ) > 1200 S/cm) and achieving defect passivation at grain boundaries (reducing trap density from 1016 to 1014 cm−3), along with providing intrinsic stability against environmental stressors. Devices constructed with the AL@WC configuration achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.25%, surpassing both the TiC-incorporated devices (23.74%) and the pristine AL devices (22.56%). Significantly, after 800 h in ambient air conditions (40% relative humidity), the AL@WC device retained 86% of its initial PCE under dark conditions and 81% under continuous illumination. In a nitrogen environment, dark stability measurements indicated a retention rate of 89%, while illumination stability exhibited an 83% retention for the AL@WC, affirming the enhanced protective capabilities and stability provided by the WC-integrated FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 AL configuration. This work establishes a simplified and high-performance PSC paradigm by effectively uniting charge extraction and stabilization within the AL, paving the way for scalable photovoltaics exceeding 24% efficiency and operational stability.

 

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