Effect of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets on the microstructure and mechanical properties of mild steel jointing by flux-cored arc welding

The effect of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints of mild steel was evaluated by flux-cored arc welding. GO was synthesized by the Hummer’s method and was reduced under hydrothermal conditions at a pressure of 1.1 MPa at 180°C for 12 h. 1, 3, and 10 mg/mL paste fillers were used in GO and RGO, and applied to the weld notch. The results clearly showed that by increasing the concentration of RGO up to 10 mg/mL, the tensile strength and hardness of the weld metal were improved by approximately 20.5% and 38.4%, respectively, because the coarse grains were changed into fine domains. The domain of the nanosheets cluster was 19.85 × 10⁻⁹ m. Specifically, the RGO nanosheets contributed to modifying the mechanical properties of the welded steel, likely due to dislocation pinning.