Oxidation pathway and kinetics of titania slag powders during cooling process in air

Wen-chao He; Cheng-yi Ding; Xue-wei Lv; Zhi-ming Yan

doi:10.1007/s12613-020-2019-y

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Oxidation pathway and kinetics of titania slag powders during cooling process in air

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Available online: 20 February 2020

Abstract

The oxidation pathway and kinetics of titania slag powders in air were analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The oxidation pathway of titania slag powders in air is divided into three stages according to three exothermic peaks and three corresponding mass gain stages displayed in the non-isothermal DSC and TG curves respectively. The isothermal oxidation kinetics of high titania slag powders with different sizes were analyzed through ln-ln analysis method. The entire isothermal oxidation process includes the following two stages. The kinetic mechanism of first stage is described as f(α)=1.77(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]^{((1.77-1)/1.77)},f(α)=1.97(1-a)[-ln(1-a)]^{((1.97-1)/1.97)}, and f(α)=1.18(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]^{((1.18-1)/1.18)}; whereas the kinetic mechanism of second stage for all samples can be described as[1-(1-α)^(1/3)]²=kt. The activation energies of titania slag powders with different sizes (d₁ < 0.075 mm, 0.125 < d₂ < 0.150 mm, and 0.425 < d₃ < 0.600 mm) at different reaction degrees are calculated. Under the current experimental conditions, the rate-controlling step at the first oxidation stage of all samples is a chemical reaction. The rate-controlling steps at the second oxidation stage are the chemical reaction and internal diffusion (d₁<0.075 mm) and the internal diffusion (0.125 < d₂ < 0.150 mm and 0.425 < d₃ < 0.600 mm).
- high titania slag powder;
- oxidation pathway;
- isothermal oxidation kinetics;
- ln-ln analysis;
- activation energy;
- rate-controlling step

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1900500) and Graduate Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing (Grant number CYB17002).

References

[1]	Y.J. Zhang, T. Qi, and Y. Zhang, A novel preparation of titanium dioxide from titanium slag, Hydrometallurgy, 96(2009), p. 52.
[2]	K.M. Lee and P.J. Park, Estimation of the environmental credit for the recycling of granulated blast furnace slag based on LCA, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 44(2005), p. 139.
[3]	S.J. Pickering, N. Hay, T.F. Roylance, and G.H. Thomas, New process for dry granulation and heat recovery from molten blast-furnace slag, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 12(1985), p. 14.
[4]	T. Mizuochi, T. Akiyama, T. Shimada, E. Kasai, and J.I. Yagi, Feasibility of rotary cup atomizer for slag granulation, ISIJ Int., 41(2001), No. 12, p. 1423.
[5]	Y. Kashiwaya, I.N. Yutaro, and T. Akiyama, Development of a rotary cylinder atomizing method of slag for the production of amorphous slag particles, ISIJ Int., 50(2010), No. 9, p. 1245.
[6]	Y. Kashiwaya, I.N. Yutaro, and T. Akiyama, Mechanism of the formation of slag particles by the rotary cylinder atomization, ISIJ Int., 50(2010), No. 9, p. 1252.
[7]	G.Z. Deng and X. Chen, The oxidation of high titania slag, Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium, 2(1985), p. 41.
[8]	L.S. Li, G.Q. Li, T.P. Lou, Y.C. Che, and Z.T. Sui, Study on oxidation kinetics of Ti-enriched slag by electromotive force, Acta Metal. Sin., 36(2000), No. 6, p. 642.
[9]	L. Zhang, G.Q. Li, and Z.T. Sui, Oxidation kinetics of titaniferous slag, Chin. J. Nonferrous Met., 12(2002), No. 5, p. 1069.
[10]	A. Przepiera and M. Jabłoński, Thermal transformations of high titania slag of high titania content, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim, 74(2003), p. 631.
[11]	S. Samal, B.K. Mohapatra, P.S. Mukherjee, and S.K. Chatterjee, Integrated XRD, EPMA and XRF study of ilmenite and titania slag used in pigment production, J. Alloys Compd., 474(2009), p. 484.
[12]	S. Samal, B.K. Mohapatra, and P.S. Mukherjee, The effect of heat treatment on titania slag, J. Miner. Mater. Char. Eng., 9(2010), No. 9, p. 795.
[13]	A. Khawam and D.R. Flanagan, Solid-state kinetic models:basics and mathematical fundamentals, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110(2006), p. 17315.
[14]	H.H. Sheu, L.C. Hsiung, and J.R. Sheu, Synthesis of multiphase intermetallic compounds by mechanical alloying in Ni-Al-Ti system, J. Alloys Compd., 469(2009), p. 483.
[15]	Y.P. Shen, H.H. Hng and J.T. Oh, Formation kinetics of Ni-15% Fe-5% Mo during ball milling, Mater. Lett., 58(2004), p. 2824.
[16]	C.X. Li, X.W. Lv, J. Chen, X.Y. Liu, and C.G. Bai, Kinetics of titanium nitride synthesized with Ti and N₂, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater, 52(2015), p. 165.
[17]	S.S. Tan, A.H. Su, W.H. Li, and E.L. Zhou, New insight into melting and crystallization behavior in semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate), J. Polym. Sci., Part B:Polym. Phys., 38(2015), p. 53.
[18]	Q. Lin, N. Chen, Y. Wen, and R.M. Liu, Kinetics of hydrogen absorption in hydrogen storage alloy, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 4(1997), No. 2, p. 34.
[19]	J.D. Hancock and J.H. Sharp, Method of comparing solid-state kinetic data and its application to the decomposition of kaolinite, brucite, and BaCO₃, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 55(1972), p.74.
[20]	N. Koga, Kinetic analysis of thermoanalytical data by extrapolating to infinite temperature, Thermochim. Acta, 258(1995), p. 145.
[21]	J. Šesták, Diagnostic limits of phenomenological kinetic models introducing the accommodation function, J. Therm. Anal., 36(1990), p. 1997.
[22]	R. Ozao and M. Ochiai, Fractal Reaction in solids:reaction functions reconsidered, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 101(1993), p. 263.
[23]	N. Koga, J. Malek, J. Sestak, and H. Tanaka, Data treatment in non-isothermal kinetics and diagnostic limits of phenomenological models, Netsu Sokutei, 20(1993), p. 210.
[24]	X.D. Gao, J.S. Wang, W. Lv, J.Y. Xiang, and X.W. Lv, The isothermal reduction kinetics of chromium-bearing vanadium-titanium magnetite sinter, Can. Metall. Q. 58(2019), p. 177.
[25]	R.C. Mccune and P. Wynblatt, Calcium segregation to a magnesium oxide (100) surface, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 66(1983), p. 111.
[26]	J. Tang, M.S. Chu, F. Li, Y.T. Tang, Z.G. Liu, and X.X. Xue, Reduction mechanism of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets by H₂-CO-CO₂ gas mixtures, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 22(2015), No. 6, p. 562.
[27]	C.Y. Ding, X.W. Lv, S.W. Xuan, K. Tang, and C.G. Bai, Isothermal reduction kinetics of powdered hematite and calcium ferrite with CO-N₂ gas mixtures, ISIJ Int., 56(2016), No. 12, p. 2118.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Oxidation pathway and kinetics of titania slag powders during cooling process in air

Corresponding author:

Xue-wei Lv E-mail: lvxuewei@cqu.edu.cn

1) State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

2) Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vanadium-Titanium Metallurgy and New Materials, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

3) College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

4) College of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China

5) WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK

Available online: 20 February 2020

Abstract: The oxidation pathway and kinetics of titania slag powders in air were analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The oxidation pathway of titania slag powders in air is divided into three stages according to three exothermic peaks and three corresponding mass gain stages displayed in the non-isothermal DSC and TG curves respectively. The isothermal oxidation kinetics of high titania slag powders with different sizes were analyzed through ln-ln analysis method. The entire isothermal oxidation process includes the following two stages. The kinetic mechanism of first stage is described as f(α)=1.77(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]^{((1.77-1)/1.77)},f(α)=1.97(1-a)[-ln(1-a)]^{((1.97-1)/1.97)}, and f(α)=1.18(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]^{((1.18-1)/1.18)}; whereas the kinetic mechanism of second stage for all samples can be described as[1-(1-α)^(1/3)]²=kt. The activation energies of titania slag powders with different sizes (d₁ < 0.075 mm, 0.125 < d₂ < 0.150 mm, and 0.425 < d₃ < 0.600 mm) at different reaction degrees are calculated. Under the current experimental conditions, the rate-controlling step at the first oxidation stage of all samples is a chemical reaction. The rate-controlling steps at the second oxidation stage are the chemical reaction and internal diffusion (d₁<0.075 mm) and the internal diffusion (0.125 < d₂ < 0.150 mm and 0.425 < d₃ < 0.600 mm).

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1900500) and Graduate Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing (Grant number CYB17002).

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Reference (27)

[1]	Y.J. Zhang, T. Qi, and Y. Zhang, A novel preparation of titanium dioxide from titanium slag, Hydrometallurgy, 96(2009), p. 52.
[2]	K.M. Lee and P.J. Park, Estimation of the environmental credit for the recycling of granulated blast furnace slag based on LCA, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 44(2005), p. 139.
[3]	S.J. Pickering, N. Hay, T.F. Roylance, and G.H. Thomas, New process for dry granulation and heat recovery from molten blast-furnace slag, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 12(1985), p. 14.
[4]	T. Mizuochi, T. Akiyama, T. Shimada, E. Kasai, and J.I. Yagi, Feasibility of rotary cup atomizer for slag granulation, ISIJ Int., 41(2001), No. 12, p. 1423.
[5]	Y. Kashiwaya, I.N. Yutaro, and T. Akiyama, Development of a rotary cylinder atomizing method of slag for the production of amorphous slag particles, ISIJ Int., 50(2010), No. 9, p. 1245.
[6]	Y. Kashiwaya, I.N. Yutaro, and T. Akiyama, Mechanism of the formation of slag particles by the rotary cylinder atomization, ISIJ Int., 50(2010), No. 9, p. 1252.
[7]	G.Z. Deng and X. Chen, The oxidation of high titania slag, Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium, 2(1985), p. 41.
[8]	L.S. Li, G.Q. Li, T.P. Lou, Y.C. Che, and Z.T. Sui, Study on oxidation kinetics of Ti-enriched slag by electromotive force, Acta Metal. Sin., 36(2000), No. 6, p. 642.
[9]	L. Zhang, G.Q. Li, and Z.T. Sui, Oxidation kinetics of titaniferous slag, Chin. J. Nonferrous Met., 12(2002), No. 5, p. 1069.
[10]	A. Przepiera and M. Jabłoński, Thermal transformations of high titania slag of high titania content, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim, 74(2003), p. 631.
[11]	S. Samal, B.K. Mohapatra, P.S. Mukherjee, and S.K. Chatterjee, Integrated XRD, EPMA and XRF study of ilmenite and titania slag used in pigment production, J. Alloys Compd., 474(2009), p. 484.
[12]	S. Samal, B.K. Mohapatra, and P.S. Mukherjee, The effect of heat treatment on titania slag, J. Miner. Mater. Char. Eng., 9(2010), No. 9, p. 795.
[13]	A. Khawam and D.R. Flanagan, Solid-state kinetic models:basics and mathematical fundamentals, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110(2006), p. 17315.
[14]	H.H. Sheu, L.C. Hsiung, and J.R. Sheu, Synthesis of multiphase intermetallic compounds by mechanical alloying in Ni-Al-Ti system, J. Alloys Compd., 469(2009), p. 483.
[15]	Y.P. Shen, H.H. Hng and J.T. Oh, Formation kinetics of Ni-15% Fe-5% Mo during ball milling, Mater. Lett., 58(2004), p. 2824.
[16]	C.X. Li, X.W. Lv, J. Chen, X.Y. Liu, and C.G. Bai, Kinetics of titanium nitride synthesized with Ti and N₂, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater, 52(2015), p. 165.
[17]	S.S. Tan, A.H. Su, W.H. Li, and E.L. Zhou, New insight into melting and crystallization behavior in semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate), J. Polym. Sci., Part B:Polym. Phys., 38(2015), p. 53.
[18]	Q. Lin, N. Chen, Y. Wen, and R.M. Liu, Kinetics of hydrogen absorption in hydrogen storage alloy, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 4(1997), No. 2, p. 34.
[19]	J.D. Hancock and J.H. Sharp, Method of comparing solid-state kinetic data and its application to the decomposition of kaolinite, brucite, and BaCO₃, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 55(1972), p.74.
[20]	N. Koga, Kinetic analysis of thermoanalytical data by extrapolating to infinite temperature, Thermochim. Acta, 258(1995), p. 145.
[21]	J. Šesták, Diagnostic limits of phenomenological kinetic models introducing the accommodation function, J. Therm. Anal., 36(1990), p. 1997.
[22]	R. Ozao and M. Ochiai, Fractal Reaction in solids:reaction functions reconsidered, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 101(1993), p. 263.
[23]	N. Koga, J. Malek, J. Sestak, and H. Tanaka, Data treatment in non-isothermal kinetics and diagnostic limits of phenomenological models, Netsu Sokutei, 20(1993), p. 210.
[24]	X.D. Gao, J.S. Wang, W. Lv, J.Y. Xiang, and X.W. Lv, The isothermal reduction kinetics of chromium-bearing vanadium-titanium magnetite sinter, Can. Metall. Q. 58(2019), p. 177.
[25]	R.C. Mccune and P. Wynblatt, Calcium segregation to a magnesium oxide (100) surface, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 66(1983), p. 111.
[26]	J. Tang, M.S. Chu, F. Li, Y.T. Tang, Z.G. Liu, and X.X. Xue, Reduction mechanism of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets by H₂-CO-CO₂ gas mixtures, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 22(2015), No. 6, p. 562.
[27]	C.Y. Ding, X.W. Lv, S.W. Xuan, K. Tang, and C.G. Bai, Isothermal reduction kinetics of powdered hematite and calcium ferrite with CO-N₂ gas mixtures, ISIJ Int., 56(2016), No. 12, p. 2118.

Oxidation pathway and kinetics of titania slag powders during cooling process in air

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