Structural and microwave absorption properties of CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/residual carbon composites

Yuanchun Zhang; Shengtao Gao; Xingzhao Zhang; Dacheng Ma; Chuanlei Zhu; Jun He

doi:10.1007/s12613-024-2849-0

Article Contents

Article Navigation > International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2025 > In press, Uncorrected proof

Yuanchun Zhang, Shengtao Gao, Xingzhao Zhang, Dacheng Ma, Chuanlei Zhu, and Jun He, Structural and microwave absorption properties of CoFe₂O₄/residual carbon composites, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater.,(2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2849-0

Cite this article as:

Yuanchun Zhang, Shengtao Gao, Xingzhao Zhang, Dacheng Ma, Chuanlei Zhu, and Jun He, Structural and microwave absorption properties of CoFe2O4/residual carbon composites, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater.,(2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2849-0

Citation:

PDF( 13543 KB)

Research Article

Structural and microwave absorption properties of CoFe₂O₄/residual carbon composites

+ Author Affiliations

Corresponding author:
Shengtao Gao E-mail: shtgao@aust.edu.cn
Received: 29 December 2023; Revised: 31 January 2024; Accepted: 4 February 2024; Available online: 6 February 2024

Abstract

Abstract

Electromagnetic interference, which necessitates the rapid advancement of substances with exceptional capabilities for absorbing electromagnetic waves, is of urgent concern in contemporary society. In this work, CoFe₂O₄/residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag (CFO/RC) composites were created using a novel hydrothermal method. Various mechanisms for microwave absorption, including conductive loss, natural resonance, interfacial dipole polarization, and magnetic flux loss, are involved in these composites. Consequently, compared with pure residual carbon materials, this composite offers superior capabilities in microwave absorption. At 7.76 GHz, the CFO/RC-2 composite achieves an impressive minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −43.99 dB with a thickness of 2.44 mm. Moreover, CFO/RC-3 demonstrates an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of up to 4.16 GHz, accompanied by a thickness of 1.18 mm. This study revealed the remarkable capability of the composite to diminish electromagnetic waves, providing a new generation method for microwave absorbing materials of superior quality.
- coal gasification slag;
- residual carbon;
- hydrothermal method;
- microwave absorption;
- CoFe₂O₄

FullText(HTML)

Supplements(0)

References(54)

References

[1]	R. Zhou, Z. Yu, Z.Z. Wu, et al., 3D printing metamaterials for highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption, Sci. China Mater., 66(2023), No. 4, p. 1283. doi: 10.1007/s40843-022-2352-4
[2]	M. Zhu, Y.T. Lei, H. Wu, et al., Porous hybrid scaffold strategy for the realization of lightweight, highly efficient microwave absorbing materials, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 129(2022), p. 215. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.04.042
[3]	F.C. Gao, J. Huang, Y. Ruan, et al., Unraveling the structure transition and peroxidase mimic activity of copper sites over atomically dispersed copper-doped carbonized polymer dots, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 62(2023), No. 7, art. No. e202214042. doi: 10.1002/anie.202214042
[4]	L. Wang, R.X. Mao, M.Q. Huang, et al., Heterogeneous interface engineering of high-density MOFs-derived Co nanoparticles anchored on N-doped RGO toward wide-frequency electromagnetic wave absorption, Mater. Today Phys., 35(2023), art. No. 101128. doi: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2023.101128
[5]	F.Y. Chu, S.Y. Cheng, Z.M. Ye, et al. , In situ etching by released proton in aniline polymerization to form network VO₂ doped polyaniline composites with variable infrared emissivity for electromagnetic absorption application, Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater., 5(2022), No. 4, p. 2760. doi: 10.1007/s42114-022-00566-4
[6]	Y.X. Bi, M.L. Ma, Z.G. Jiao, et al., Enhancing electromagnetic wave absorption performance of one-dimensional C@Co/N-doped C@PPy composite fibers, Carbon, 197(2022), p. 152. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.05.061
[7]	W.H. Huang, S. Wang, X.F. Yang, et al., Temperature induced transformation of Co@C nanoparticle in 3D hierarchical core–shell nanofiber network for enhanced electromagnetic wave adsorption, Carbon, 195(2022), p. 44. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.04.019
[8]	S.D. Yang, R.L. Yang, Z.Q. Lin, et al., Ultrathin, flexible, and high-strength polypyrrole/Ti₃C₂T_x film for wide-band gigahertz and terahertz electromagnetic interference shielding, J. Mater. Chem. A, 10(2022), No. 44, p. 23570. doi: 10.1039/D2TA06805B
[9]	P. Song, B. Liu, C.B. Liang, et al., Lightweight, flexible cellulose-derived carbon aerogel@reduced graphene oxide/PDMS composites with outstanding EMI shielding performances and excellent thermal conductivities, Nano Micro Lett., 13(2021), No. 1, art. No. 91. doi: 10.1007/s40820-021-00624-4
[10]	N.X. Zhai, J.H. Luo, J. Mei, et al., Interface engineering of heterogeneous NiSe₂–CoSe₂@C@MoSe₂ for high-efficient electromagnetic wave absorption, Adv. Funct. Mater., 34(2023), No. 9, art. No. 2312237.
[11]	R.C. Che, L.M. Peng, X.F. Duan, Q. Chen, and X.L. Liang, Microwave absorption enhancement and complex permittivity and permeability of Fe encapsulated within carbon nanotubes, Adv. Mater., 16(2004), No. 5, p. 401. doi: 10.1002/adma.200306460
[12]	J.Y. Shi, Q. Zhuang, L.P. Wu, et al., Molecular engineering guided dielectric resonance tuning in derived carbon materials, J. Mater. Chem. C, 10(2022), No. 34, p. 12257. doi: 10.1039/D2TC02628G
[13]	Z.R. Jia, M.Y. Kong, B.W. Yu, Y.Z. Ma, J.Y. Pan, and G.L. Wu, Tunable Co/ZnO/C@MWCNTs based on carbon nanotube-coated MOF with excellent microwave absorption properties, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 127(2022), p. 153. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.04.005
[14]	M.T. Qiao, J.X. Li, D. Wei, et al., Chain-like Fe₃O₄@void@mSiO₂@MnO₂ composites with multiple porous shells toward highly effective microwave absorption application, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 314(2021), art. No. 110867. doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110867
[15]	J. He, M.J. Han, K. Wen, et al., Absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference shielding assembled composites based on modular design with infrared camouflage and response switching, Compos. Sci. Technol., 231(2023), art. No. 109799. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109799
[16]	L. Wang, Z.L. Ma, H. Qiu, Y.L. Zhang, Z. Yu, and J.W. Gu, Significantly enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding performances of epoxy nanocomposites with long-range aligned lamellar structures, Nano Micro Lett., 14(2022), No. 1, art. No. 224. doi: 10.1007/s40820-022-00949-8
[17]	J.K. Liu, Z.R. Jia, Y.H. Dong, J.J. Li, X.L. Cao, and G.L. Wu, Structural engineering and compositional manipulation for high-efficiency electromagnetic microwave absorption, Mater. Today Phys., 27(2022), art. No. 100801. doi: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2022.100801
[18]	N. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Lu, R.R. Cheng, L.Q. Yang, and Y.F. Li, Hierarchical core–shell FeS₂/Fe7S8@C microspheres embedded into interconnected graphene framework for high-efficiency microwave attenuation, Carbon, 202(2023), p. 254. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.10.083
[19]	Y.C. Zhang, H.X. Li, S.T. Gao, Y. Geng, and C.L. Wu, A study on the chemical state of carbon present in fine ash from gasification, Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng., 14(2019), No. 4, art. No. e2336. doi: 10.1002/apj.2336
[20]	S.T. Gao, Y.C. Zhang, H.X. Li, J. He, H. Xu, and C.L. Wu, The microwave absorption properties of residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag, Fuel, 290(2021), art. No. 120050. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.120050
[21]	X.Z. Zhang, Y.C. Zhang, J. He, H.X. Li, Y.H. Bai, and S.T. Gao, ZnFe₂O₄ nanospheres decorated residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag as an ultra-thin microwave absorber, Fuel, 331(2023), art. No. 125811. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125811
[22]	S.T. Gao, Y.C. Zhang, J. He, et al., Coal gasification fine slag residual carbon decorated with hollow-spherical Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for microwave absorption, Ceram. Int., 49(2023), No. 11, p. 17554. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.02.122
[23]	M.L. Ma, Z.J. Liao, X.W. Su, et al., Magnetic CoNi alloy particles embedded N-doped carbon fibers with polypyrrole for excellent electromagnetic wave absorption, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 608(2022), p. 2203. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.006
[24]	J. Xu, R.W. Shu, Z.L. Wan, and J.J. Shi, Construction of three-dimensional hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/hollow cobalt ferrite composite aerogels toward highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 132(2023), p. 193. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.05.050
[25]	L. Zhang, Y.X. Zhu, Z.C. Nie, et al., Co/MoC nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanoboxes as robust trifunctional electrocatalysts for a Zn–air battery and water electrocatalysis, ACS Nano, 15(2021), No. 8, p. 13399. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03766
[26]	D.M. Zhang, W. He, G.Q. Quan, et al., Sterculia lychnophora seed-derived porous carbon@CoFe₂O₄ composites with efficient microwave absorption performance, Appl. Surf. Sci., 607(2023), art. No. 155027. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155027
[27]	X.X. Zhao, Y. Huang, X.D. Liu, et al., Core–shell CoFe₂O₄@C nanoparticles coupled with rGO for strong wideband microwave absorption, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 607(2022), p. 192. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.203
[28]	M.Z. Ashfaq, A. Ashfaq, M.K. Majeed, et al., Confined tailoring of CoFe₂O₄/MWCNTs hybrid-architectures to tune electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption with broadened bandwidth, Ceram. Int., 48(2022), No. 7, p. 9569. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.12.155
[29]	X.Y. Wang, Q.Q. Li, J.S. Hu, C.H. Zhou, S.X. Yang, and X.H. Huang, Coordination confinement pyrolysis to hollow sea urchin shaped composite with embedded ultrasmall Co/Ni alloy for overall water splitting, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 47(2022), No. 6, p. 3699. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.10.243
[30]	Y. Li, Y.C. Qing, Y.F. Zhou, et al., Unique nanoporous structure derived from Co₃O₄–C and Co/CoO–C composites towards the ultra-strong electromagnetic absorption, Composites Part B, 213(2021), art. No. 108731. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108731
[31]	J. Wang, M.J. Han, Y.N. Liu, et al., Multifunctional microwave absorption materials of multiscale cobalt sulfide/diatoms co-doped carbon aerogel, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 646(2023), p. 970. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.094
[32]	B.B. Zhao, N.N. Wu, S.Y. Yao, et al., Molybdenum carbide/cobalt composite nanorods via a “MOFs plus MOFs” strategy for high-efficiency microwave absorption, ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 5(2022), No. 12, p. 18697. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.2c04460
[33]	F.Y. Gan, Q.R. Rao, J.Q. Deng, et al., Controllable architecture of ZnO/FeNi composites derived from trimetallic ZnFeNi layered double hydroxides for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers, Small, 19(2023), No. 27, art. No. e2300257. doi: 10.1002/smll.202300257
[34]	X.K. Lu, X. Li, W.J. Zhu, and H.L. Xu, Construction of embedded heterostructures in biomass-derived carbon frameworks for enhancing electromagnetic wave absorption, Carbon, 191(2022), p. 600. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.01.050
[35]	R.W. Shu, X.H. Li, and J.J. Shi, Construction of porous carbon-based magnetic composites derived from iron zinc bimetallic metal–organic framework as broadband and high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorbers, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 633(2023), p. 43. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.078
[36]	H.H. Niu, X.W. Jiang, Y.D. Xia, et al., Construction of hydrangea-like core–shell SiO₂@Ti₃C₂T_x@CoNi microspheres for tunable electromagnetic wave absorbers, J. Adv. Ceram., 12(2023), No. 4, p. 711. doi: 10.26599/JAC.2023.9220714
[37]	B. Jiang, W. Yang, H.X. Bai, et al., Multiscale structure and interface engineering of Fe/Fe₃C in situ encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon for stable and efficient multi-band electromagnetic wave absorption, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 158(2023), p. 9. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.02.030
[38]	L. Wang, M.Q. Huang, K. Pei, et al., Confined magnetic vortex motion from metal–organic frameworks derived Ni@C microspheres boosts electromagnetic wave energy dissipation, Adv. Powder Mater., 2(2023), No. 3, art. No. 100111. doi: 10.1016/j.apmate.2023.100111
[39]	Z.X. Li, W. Yang, B. Jiang, et al., Engineering of the core–shell boron nitride@nitrogen-doped carbon heterogeneous interface for efficient heat dissipation and electromagnetic wave absorption, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 15(2023), No. 5, p. 7578. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c20766
[40]	W. Liu, P.T. Duan, C. Mei, et al., Optimizing the size-dependent dielectric properties of metal–organic framework-derived Co/C composites for highly efficient microwave absorption, Inorg. Chem. Front., 8(2021), No. 8, p. 2042. doi: 10.1039/D0QI01502D
[41]	B. Li, Z.Q. Ma, J. Xu, X. Zhang, Y.J. Chen, and C.L. Zhu, Regulation of impedance matching and dielectric loss properties of N-doped carbon hollow nanospheres modified with atomically dispersed cobalt sites for microwave energy attenuation, Small, 19(2023), No. 28, art. No. 2301226. doi: 10.1002/smll.202301226
[42]	X.W. Meng, J. Qiao, Y.F. Yang, et al., Three-dimensional porous manganese oxide/nickel/carbon microspheres as high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers with superb photothermal property, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 629(2023), p. 884. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.043
[43]	P.G. Yang, W.X. Ye, H.B. Ruan, et al., Core–shell structured silica-coated iron nanowires composites for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption properties, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24(2023), No. 10, art. No. 8620. doi: 10.3390/ijms24108620
[44]	B. Quan, Y. Chen, Y. Wang, et al., Synergistically enhanced flexibility, mechanical strength and microwave absorption performances of TPE-based hybrid films via thermally assisted homogeneous separation technology, Carbon, 206(2023), p. 392. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.02.051
[45]	F.Y. Hu, X.H. Wang, S. Bao, et al., Tailoring electromagnetic responses of delaminated Mo₂TiC₂T_x MXene through the decoration of Ni particles of different morphologies, Chem. Eng. J., 440(2022), art. No. 135855. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.135855
[46]	Z.Q. Ma, M.J. Liu, B. Li, et al., Hierarchically nitrogen-doped carbon hollow microspheres assembled with loose and porous magnetic carbon sheets for enhanced microwave absorption, Carbon, 212(2023), art. No. 118165. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118165
[47]	F.Y. Hu, F. Zhang, X.H. Wang, et al., Ultrabroad band microwave absorption from hierarchical MoO₃/TiO₂/Mo₂TiC₂T_x hybrids via annealing treatment, J. Adv. Ceram., 11(2022), No. 9, p. 1466. doi: 10.1007/s40145-022-0624-0
[48]	X.J. Zeng, T.L. Nie, C. Zhao, et al., Coupling between the 2D “ligand” and 2D “host” and their assembled hierarchical heterostructures for electromagnetic wave absorption, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 14(2022), No. 36, p. 41235. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c12958
[49]	H. Gao, C.H. Wang, Z.J. Yang, and Y. Zhang, 3D porous nickel metal foam/polyaniline heterostructure with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding capability and superior absorption based on pre-constructed macroscopic conductive framework, Compos. Sci. Technol., 213(2021), art. No. 108896. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108896
[50]	A.M. Xie, X.P. Lin, C. Zhang, S.Y. Cheng, W. Dong, and F. Wu, Oxygen vacancy mediated polymerization of pyrrole on MoO₃ to construct dielectric nanocomposites for electromagnetic waves absorption application, J. Alloys Compd., 938(2023), art. No. 168523. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.168523
[51]	Y.X. Xie, Y.Y. Guo, T.T. Cheng, et al., Efficient electromagnetic wave absorption performances dominated by exchanged resonance of lightweight PC/Fe₃O₄@PDA hybrid nanocomposite, Chem. Eng. J., 457(2023), art. No. 141205. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.141205
[52]	Z.J. Li, H. Lin, Y.X. Xie, et al., Monodispersed Co@C nanoparticles anchored on reclaimed carbon black toward high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 124(2022), p. 182. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.03.004
[53]	X.W. Meng, J. Qiao, S.N. Zheng, et al., Ternary nickel/molybdenum dioxide/carbon composited nanofibers for broadband and strong electromagnetic wave absorption, Chem. Eng. J., 457(2023), art. No. 141241. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.141241
[54]	M.Q. Ning, P.H. Jiang, W. Ding, et al., Phase manipulating toward molybdenum disulfide for optimizing electromagnetic wave absorbing in gigahertz, Adv. Funct. Mater., 31(2021), No. 19, art. No. 2011229. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202011229