Preparation of Co/S co-doped carbon catalysts for excellent methylene blue degradation

Haixu Li; Haobo He; Tiannan Jiang; Yunfei Du; Zhichen Wu; Liang Xu; Xinjie Wang; Xiaoguang Liu; Wanhua Yu; Wendong Xue

doi:10.1007/s12613-024-2953-1

Volume 32 Issue 1

Jan. 2025

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Abstract

Acknowledgements

Conflict of Interest

References

International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2025 > 32(1): 169-181. > DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-2953-1

Haixu Li, Haobo He, Tiannan Jiang, Yunfei Du, Zhichen Wu, Liang Xu, Xinjie Wang, Xiaoguang Liu, Wanhua Yu, and Wendong Xue, Preparation of Co/S co-doped carbon catalysts for excellent methylene blue degradation, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 32(2025), No. 1, pp.169-181. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2953-1

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Research Article

Preparation of Co/S co-doped carbon catalysts for excellent methylene blue degradation

Haixu Li^{1, 2)},
Haobo He¹⁾,
Tiannan Jiang¹⁾,
Yunfei Du¹⁾,
Zhichen Wu¹⁾,
Liang Xu¹⁾,
Xinjie Wang¹⁾,
Xiaoguang Liu^1), ,,
Wanhua Yu¹⁾ and
Wendong Xue¹⁾

Author Affilications

1)
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2)
Beijing Jinyu Tongda Refractory Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China

Corresponding author:
Xiaoguang Liu E-mail: liuxg@ustb.edu.cn
Received: 14 February 2024; Revised: 04 June 2024; Accepted: 05 June 2024; Available Online: 11 June 2024

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts were prepared via pyrolysis of MOF-71 and thiourea mixtures at 800°C at a mass ratio of MOF-71 to thiourea of 1:0.1 to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for methylene blue (MB) degradation. The effects of two different mixing routes were identified on the MB degradation performance. Particularly, the catalyst obtained by the alcohol solvent evaporation (MOF-AEP) mixing route could degrade 95.60% MB (50 mg/L) within 4 min (degradation rate: K = 0.78 min^–1), which was faster than that derived from the direct grinding method (MOF-DGP, 80.97%, K = 0.39 min^–1). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Co–S content of MOF-AEP (43.39at%) was less than that of MOF-DGP (54.73at%), and the proportion of C–S–C in MOF-AEP (13.56at%) was higher than that of MOF-DGP (10.67at%). Density functional theory calculations revealed that the adsorption energy of Co for PMS was −2.94 eV when sulfur was doped as C–S–C on the carbon skeleton, which was higher than that when sulfur was doped next to cobalt in the form of Co–S bond (−2.86 eV). Thus, the C–S–C sites might provide more contributions to activate PMS compared with Co–S. Furthermore, the degradation parameters, including pH and MOF-AEP dosage, were investigated. Finally, radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements revealed that ¹O₂ might be the primary catalytic species, whereas · O²⁻ might be the secondary one in degrading MB.
- advanced oxidation process,
- alcohol solvent evaporation,
- hydrogen bond,
- S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts,
- wastewater remediation

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51602018 and 51902018), the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (No. 2154052), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2014M560044), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. FRF-MP-20-22), USTB Research Center for International People-to-people Exchange in Science, Technology and Civilization (No. 2022KFYB007), and Education and Teaching Reform Foundation at University of Science and Technology Beijing (Nos. 2023JGC027, KC2022QYW06, and KC2022TS09).

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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